Damage Assessment Using Information Entropy of Individual Acoustic Emission Waveforms during Cyclic Fatigue Loading

Sauerbrunn, Christine M.; Kahirdeh, Ali; Yun, Huisung; Modarres, Mohammad

doi:10.3390/app7060562

Cited by 29 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…With the recent advances in structural health monitoring (SHM) [2][3][4][5][6][7][8] and nondestructive evaluation (NDE) [9,10], many monitoring and evaluation methods, such as modal characteristics-based methods [11][12][13], active sensing [14][15][16][17][18][19][20], electromechanical impedance [21][22][23][24][25], ultrasonic guided wave [26], active thermography [26][27][28] and vibrothermography [29,30], among others, are available. Among them, acoustic emission technique [31][32][33][34][35][36][37] is an effective nondestructive technique that can characterize the wear process [38,39], and it has been widely used in civil engineering [40][41][42][43], mechanical engineering [44][45][46][47]<...>…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility Study of Real-Time Monitoring of Pin Connection Wear Using Acoustic Emission

et al. 2018

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Pin connections are one of the most important connecting forms and they have been widely used in engineering fields. In its service, pin connections are subject to wear, and it will be beneficial if the health condition of pin connections can be monitored in real time. In this paper, an acoustic emission (AE)-based method was developed to monitor wear degree of low rotational speed pin connections in real time in a nondestructive way. Most pin connections are operated at low rotational speed. To facilitate the research, an experimental apparatus to accelerate the wear test of low rotational speed pin connections was designed and fabricated. The piezoceramic AE sensor was mounted on the test apparatus in a nondestructive way, and it was capable of real-time monitoring. Accelerated wear tests of low rotational speed pin connections were conducted. To verify the results of the AE technique, a VHX-600E digital (from Keyence, Osaka, Japan) microscope was applied to observe the micrographs of the tested pins. The experimental results show that AE activity existed throughout the entire wear process, and it was the most prominent in the serious wear phase. The wear degree of the pin connections can be reflected qualitatively by the signal strength and the accumulative signal strength of the AE signals. In addition, two different wear forms can be distinguished by comparing the signal strength values of all specimens. Micrographs of all specimens confirm these results, and determine that the two wear forms include adhesive wear and abrasive wear. Furthermore, AE results demonstrated that adhesive wear is the main mode of wear for the low rotational speed pin connections, and the signal strength of the adhesive wear is around 190 times larger than that of abrasive wear. This feasibility study demonstrated that the developed acoustic emission technique can be utilized in the wear monitoring of pin connections in real time in a nondestructive way.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility Study of Real-Time Monitoring of Pin Connection Wear Using Acoustic Emission

et al. 2018

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“…Sauerbrunn et al [21] used Equation (3) to calculate information entropy using collected AE waveforms from many fatigue tests. In their research, the AE waveform was shown to be a more appropriate damage indicator than the traditional AE features, such as count and energy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has resulted in good agreement with the DEG theorem. Another approach has used acoustic energy dissipation during fatigue in the form of generated acoustic emission (AE) waveforms, where associated information entropy typically correlates well with the amount of the fatigue damage [21].Strain energy dissipation during the cyclic fatigue loading and unloading also appears to apply to the relative entropy. Crooks et al [22] have shown that the Kullback-Leibler divergence computed from loading/unloading distributions is equivalent to the thermodynamic entropy when distributions of loading/unloading processes are measurable.…”

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Measures of Entropy to Characterize Fatigue Damage in Metallic Materials

Yun

Modarres

2019

Entropy

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This paper presents the entropic damage indicators for metallic material fatigue processes obtained from three associated energy dissipation sources. Since its inception, reliability engineering has employed statistical and probabilistic models to assess the reliability and integrity of components and systems. To supplement the traditional techniques, an empirically-based approach, called physics of failure (PoF), has recently become popular. The prerequisite for a PoF analysis is an understanding of the mechanics of the failure process. Entropy, the measure of disorder and uncertainty, introduced from the second law of thermodynamics, has emerged as a fundamental and promising metric to characterize all mechanistic degradation phenomena and their interactions. Entropy has already been used as a fundamental and scale-independent metric to predict damage and failure. In this paper, three entropic-based metrics are examined and demonstrated for application to fatigue damage. We collected experimental data on energy dissipations associated with fatigue damage, in the forms of mechanical, thermal, and acoustic emission (AE) energies, and estimated and correlated the corresponding entropy generations with the observed fatigue damages in metallic materials. Three entropic theorems—thermodynamics, information, and statistical mechanics—support approaches used to estimate the entropic-based fatigue damage. Classical thermodynamic entropy provided a reasonably constant level of entropic endurance to fatigue failure. Jeffreys divergence in statistical mechanics and AE information entropy also correlated well with fatigue damage. Finally, an extension of the relationship between thermodynamic entropy and Jeffreys divergence from molecular-scale to macro-scale applications in fatigue failure resulted in an empirically-based pseudo-Boltzmann constant equivalent to the Boltzmann constant.

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“…Cyclic loading and unloading tests with acoustic emission monitoring are an effective approach to quantitatively measuring deformation and damage characteristics of various materials [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. Sherif et al [12] captured and analyzed AE signals to characterize the crack formation and crack width development in the cyclic loading processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Mechanical Behavior of Dry and Water Saturated Igneous Rock with Acoustic Emission Monitoring

Guo

Feng

et al. 2018

Shock and Vibration

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The uniaxial cyclic loading tests have been conducted to study the mechanical behavior of dry and water saturated igneous rock with acoustic emission (AE) monitoring. The igneous rock samples are dried, naturally immersed, and boiled to get specimens with different water contents for the testing. The mineral compositions and the microstructures of the dry and water saturated igneous rock are also presented. The dry specimens present higher strength, fewer strains, and rapid increase of AE count subjected to the cyclic loading, which reflects the hard and brittle behavior and strong burst proneness of igneous rock. The water saturated specimens have lower peak strength, more accumulated strains, and increase of AE count during the cyclic loading. The damage of the igneous rocks with different water contents has been identified by the Felicity Ratio Analysis. The cyclic loading and unloading increase the dislocation between the mineral aggregates and the water-rock interactions further break the adhesion of the clay minerals, which jointly promote the inner damage of the igneous rock. The results suggest that the groundwater can reduce the burst proneness of the igneous rock but increase the potential support failure of the surrounding rock in igneous invading area. In addition, the results inspire the fact that the water injection method is feasible for softening the igneous rock and for preventing the dynamic disasters within the roadways and working faces located in the igneous intrusion area.

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Damage Assessment Using Information Entropy of Individual Acoustic Emission Waveforms during Cyclic Fatigue Loading

Cited by 29 publications

References 41 publications

Feasibility Study of Real-Time Monitoring of Pin Connection Wear Using Acoustic Emission

Feasibility Study of Real-Time Monitoring of Pin Connection Wear Using Acoustic Emission

Measures of Entropy to Characterize Fatigue Damage in Metallic Materials

Dynamic Mechanical Behavior of Dry and Water Saturated Igneous Rock with Acoustic Emission Monitoring

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