Damage caused by insects and fungi to eucalypt foliage: spatial and temporal patterns in Mediterranean forest of Western Australia

Abbott, Ian; Heurck, Paul Van; Burbidge, Tom; Williams, Matthew R.

doi:10.1016/0378-1127(93)90133-8

Cited by 36 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Damage was estimated by visual inspection (using binoculars) of the canopy. This is the most commonly applied method in such surveys (Abbott et al, 1993;Mizumachi et al, 2006;Gu et al, 2008), provided the observers are sufficiently trained. After each top tree observation, a categorical scale with five levels according to the percentage of damaged leaves was applied (Johnson et al, 2001).…”

Section: Damage Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship Between Insect Damage and Chlorophyll Content in Mediterranean Oak Species

Cárdenas¹,

Gallardo²

2016

Appl Ecol Env Res

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Abstract.Considering that the damage caused by phytophagous insects can alter the chlorophyll content of plants, we established the hypothesis that variations in chlorophyll concentration could be applied to assess stress caused by these kind of harmful agents. In this paper, relationship between insect damage and the chlorophyll content of sclerophyllous oak species (Quercus suber and Q. ilex) is investigated. The survey was carried out in Hornachuelos Natural Park (southern Iberian Peninsula). For each plant species, a comparative study of chlorophyll concentration on healthy leaves was performed among a control group of harmless trees and other groups affected by one of the following damaging insects: woodborers, chewing and gall-formers. Results relative to Q. ilex indicated that only damage by gall-formers had a significant effect on average chlorophyll content of healthy leaves. As regard Q. suber, differences in chlorophyll content were only significant when injuries were caused by the woodborer Coraebus florentinus. In conclusion, insect damage could influence the chlorophyll content of the holm and cork oaks, but the effect varies depending on the plant species and the type of harmful agent.

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Section: Damage Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship Between Insect Damage and Chlorophyll Content in Mediterranean Oak Species

Cárdenas¹,

Gallardo²

2016

Appl Ecol Env Res

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“…A number of other studies of herbivory in eucalypt forests and woodlands have taken a regional approach (Ohmart & Edwards 1991). For the most part, however, these have been exploratory investigations across sites that varied in their climate, soils, fire history, logging history and degree of disturbance (Fox & Morrow 1983;Abbott et al 1993). Few generalizations emerged from such heterogeneity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Regional and local variation in insect herbivory, vegetation and soils of eucalypt associations in contrasted landscape positions along a climatic gradient

Landsberg

Gillieson

1995

Australian Journal of Ecology

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Relationships with climate and local resources are developed for soils, vegetation and tree foliage as well as levels of herbivory for the dominant eucalypts at sites representing a regional gradient in climate and local contrasts in landscape position. Indicators of site productivity such as soil nitrogen and phosphorus, canopy height and cover, foliar nitrogen and water, and average leaf area tended to increase as climate became more favourable. Many were also higher in locally richer parts of the landscape. In contrast, specific leaf weight, an indication of sclerophylly, decreased as climate and local resources became more favourable. Rates of herbivory tended to increase with increasing site productivity and the associated changes in soil, vegetation and foliar properties, in broad agreement with models relating herbivory to resource availability and plant vigour. We found no evidence to support models relating high herbivory to low-resource environments and plant stress. The apparent level of herbivore damage on mature leaves was highest at intermediate levels of resources; this could reflect interactions between resource availability, rates of herbivory and rates of leaf replacement. Implications of these findings are discussed with respect to ways of measuring herbivory, regional patterns in rates and levels of herbivory, and the regional distribution of rural dieback associated with high herbivory.

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“…Many species appear to have spread to other temperate regions from Australia, and species that also occur in the Australian subtropics appear to have spread to Indonesia, Vietnam, China, and South America (21,58,62). Indigenous temperate Australian forests have mixed eucalypt species where Mycosphaerella leaf disease (MLD) generally is of minor significance, except in coppice regrowth in certain Western Australian forests (1,14). In southern Australia, MLD in plantations appears to be caused principally by Mycosphaerella nubilosa and M. cryptica, although M. vespa, M. tasmaniensis, M. parva, and M. grandis occur frequently.…”

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confidence: 99%

Development of Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction Detection ofMycosphaerellaspp. and Its Application to the Study of Leaf Disease inEucalyptusPlantations

Glen¹,

Smith²,

Langrell³

et al. 2007

Phytopathology®

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Glen, M., Smith, A. H., Langrell, S. R. H., and Mohammed, C. L. 2007. Development of nested polymerase chain reaction detection of Mycosphaerella spp. and its application to the study of leaf disease in Eucalyptus plantations. Phytopathology 97:132-144.Mycosphaerella leaf disease (MLD) is a serious disease of two of the major eucalypt species grown in temperate regions worldwide, Eucalyptus globulus and E. nitens. More than 30 species of Mycosphaerella have been reported on eucalypts worldwide. Accurate, rapid, and early discrimination of Mycosphaerella spp. causing crown damage to E. globulus and E. nitens will assist the development of sustainable management strategies. This study describes the development, and incorporation in a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) approach, of specific primers for the detection and identification of Mycosphaerella spp. commonly reported from leaf lesions of E. globulus and E. nitens in Australia. Primer design was assisted by sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis of 165 nonredundant sequences from the nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer regions of Mycosphaerella and related species. Phylogenetic analysis revealed very high sequence similarity for two taxon groups, Mycosphaerella grandis and M. parva, and M. vespa, M. ambiphylla, and M. molleriana, and primers were designed to differentiate each of the two groups. Three other species, M. cryptica, M. nubilosa, and M. tasmaniensis, were distinct and distinguished by species-specific primers. In double-blind trials, the detection test accurately and rapidly identified Mycosphaerella spp. in cultures and discriminated against other pathogens that co-occur in or on Eucalyptus leaves, thereby verifying its reliability. The detection test has an internal amplification control in the first-round PCR with fungal-specific primers to raise confidence in test results, particularly to highlight negative results due to PCR inhibition. When applied to DNA extracted from leaf or stem samples either as multiple or single lesions, it detected and identified up to five Mycosphaerella spp. or taxon groups in both positively identified and in young (putative) MLD lesions. The samples were 20 mm 2 or larger in surface area and were collected while undertaking disease rating assessments in an experimental investigation of Eucalyptus plantations and regrowth forest. Using nested PCR detection, Mycosphaerella spp. were positively identified in 2 days, 1 to 5 months earlier than by classical methods, demonstrating the potential application of this detection test to the early discrimination of MLD components in ecological, epidemiological, and genetic investigations.

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Damage caused by insects and fungi to eucalypt foliage: spatial and temporal patterns in Mediterranean forest of Western Australia

Cited by 36 publications

References 33 publications

Relationship Between Insect Damage and Chlorophyll Content in Mediterranean Oak Species

Relationship Between Insect Damage and Chlorophyll Content in Mediterranean Oak Species

Regional and local variation in insect herbivory, vegetation and soils of eucalypt associations in contrasted landscape positions along a climatic gradient

Development of Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction Detection ofMycosphaerellaspp. and Its Application to the Study of Leaf Disease inEucalyptusPlantations

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