Damage detection in non-planar carbon fiber-reinforced polymer laminates via electrical impedance tomography with surface-mounted electrodes and directional sensitivity matrices

Sannamani, Monica; Gao, Jinling; Chen, Weinong W.; Tallman, Tyler N.

doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2022.109429

Cited by 23 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Some commercial applications of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composites include aircraft and aerospace systems, automotive systems and vehicles, electronics, government defense and security, pressure vessels, and reactor chambers, among others [71,72]. Progress in the development of low-cost methods to effectively produce carbon fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composites remains very slow [73,74]. Currently, some of the challenges that exist affecting the development of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composites viable for use in real world applications include the expense of the materials and the impracticality of the presently used chemical and mechanical manipulations for large-scale commercial production [75,76].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical and mechanical properties of catalytically-grown multi-walled carbon nanotube-reinforced epoxy composite materials

Chen

2023

Preprint

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Carbon nanotubes are excellent candidates for the development of nano-reinforced polymer composite materials. However, assurance of homogeneous dispersion, interfacial compatibility between the carbon nanotube and the polymer, and exfoliation of the aggregates of carbon nanotubes, are required for the successful integration of carbon nanotubes into nanocomposites. The present study is focused primarily upon the electrical and mechanical properties of catalytically-grown multi-walled carbon nanotube-reinforced epoxy composite materials. Particular emphasis is placed upon the effect of carbon loading on the electrical conductivity and the influence of temperature on the loss factor and modulus for the composite materials. The results indicate that the electrical properties of the composite would not be changed from those of the bulk polymer until the average distance between the carbon nanotubes is reduced such that either electron tunneling through the polymer or physical contacts may be formed. Among the challenges introduced in the fabrication of carbon nanotube-filled polymer composites is the necessity to creatively control and make use of surface interactions between carbon nanotubes and polymeric chains in order to obtain an adequate dispersion throughout the matrix without destroying the integrity of the carbon nanotubes. Frequency domain material properties are therefore limited to applications where strains are small and stress is approximately linear with strain and the strain rate. Frequency domain material properties become irrelevant if the material exhibits nonlinear elastic behavior or is subjected to large strains. Depending on the type of polymers in the matrix, above a certain temperature limit, degradation starts or cross-linking starts. The deformed elastic body possess an amount of potential energy equal to the initial amount of potential energy minus the amount of energy irreversibly dissipated. The modulus and loss factor variables of a damping material are highly dependent upon the temperature of the damping material and the vibration frequency. Because of their viscoelastic nature, the stress and strain in viscoelastic materials are not in phase, and, in fact, exhibit hysteresis. The resonant frequency is related to the modulus of the catalytically-grown multi-walled carbon nanotube-reinforced epoxy composite. Keywords: Composite materials; Electrical properties; Mechanical properties; Carbon nanotubes; Electrical conductivity; Loss modulus

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical and mechanical properties of catalytically-grown multi-walled carbon nanotube-reinforced epoxy composite materials

Chen

2023

Preprint

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“…Assuming that the volume does not change when a single carbon fibre is deformed when subjected to external forces, the length change and cross-section of the fibre are shown in Equation (17),…”

Section: Piezoresistive Model Of Single Carbon Fibrementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The coupling capacitance on the adhesive matrix between the fibres is determined through the experimental method of a resistance matrix model [16]. The complete electrode model (CEM) is applied to test the coupling capacitance between the domain and the finite-sized electrodes, but it is not capable of providing electrical conductivity information when the medium possesses highly anisotropic electrical conductivity [17]. The tunnelling effect model, which allows electrons to pass through thin layers of CFRP materials, is developed through the resistance series model [18], and the electrical contact resistance of the interface can be estimated by the generalized Simmons formula [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical Model of Piezoresistivity for an Inner-Adhesive-Type Carbon Fibre Reinforced Plastic Tunnel Reinforcement

Nie

Mao

2022

Materials

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Cracks in a tunnel lining often emerge under the coupling action of earth and water pressures in a complex stratum environment, and accidents often occur in the process of repairing cracks. In this study, we used the force-sensitive properties of embedded carbon fibre to conduct early-warning research on lining reinforcement to prevent secondary damage during tunnel lining reinforcement. According to the earth load characteristics, a bond stress–slip model of the embedded carbon fibre under bidirectional earth pressure was established on the basis of the thick-walled cylinder theory and the semi-inverse method in elastic theory. The length change of a single fibre was obtained on the basis of the principle that the volume of a single carbon fibre is constant during the deformation process. The resistance and strain model of the single carbon fibre under the action of an external force was then established following the relationship between the resistance, the length change and the volume change of the single carbon fibre. The resistance of carbon fibre composite materials, according to their production technology and unidirectional force properties, was assumed to be a mixture of the series and parallel resistances of the single carbon fibre, and a piezoresistive model of carbon fibre composite materials was formed by using the multidimensional Taylor series expansion and the idea of the average equivalent. The comparison between the theoretical and monitoring values of the piezoresistive model in a tunnel project in Tibet, China revealed that the resistance of various types of carbon fibres increases with the radius of the lining reinforcement and earth pressure and decreases with an increase in the lining reinforcement thickness. Meanwhile, the angles at different positions of the lining reinforcement also have certain effects on the resistance value of the carbon fibre. The variation curve of the piezoresistive model was exponential in both deeply and shallowly buried tunnels, which verifies the rationality of the model.

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“…length diameter ratio of the pipe. Sannamani et al [7] studied the application of electrical impedance tomography in non planar carbon fiber reinforced polymer geometry using surface mount electrodes. The results show that both throughhole damage and impact damage can be identified by the combination of surface mounted electrodes and the sensitivity matrix formed by scalar multiples relative to conductivity tensor or in-plane conductivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental study on damage location based on electrical importance tomography technology

Ren

2023

International Conference on Precision Instruments and Optical Engineering (PIOE 2022)

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Electrical importance tomography (EIT) is a non-invasive technique that aims at reconstructing the internal tissue image of the human body. In this paper, the application of EIT technology in pressure equipment flaw detection is experimentally studied. This paper mainly studies the feasibility of applying EIT technology to temperature monitoring and location, pressure damage location and surface crack defect location. The results show that this method can better detect and locate damage.

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Damage detection in non-planar carbon fiber-reinforced polymer laminates via electrical impedance tomography with surface-mounted electrodes and directional sensitivity matrices

Cited by 23 publications

References 50 publications

Electrical and mechanical properties of catalytically-grown multi-walled carbon nanotube-reinforced epoxy composite materials

Electrical and mechanical properties of catalytically-grown multi-walled carbon nanotube-reinforced epoxy composite materials

Analytical Model of Piezoresistivity for an Inner-Adhesive-Type Carbon Fibre Reinforced Plastic Tunnel Reinforcement

Experimental study on damage location based on electrical importance tomography technology

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