Damage formation in SiC ion implanted at 625K

Wendler, E.; Schöppe, Philipp; Bierschenk, Thomas; Milz, S.; Wesch, W.; Berg, N.G. van der; Friedland, E.; Malherbe, J.B.

doi:10.1016/j.nimb.2011.10.065

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…An analysis of the RBS data show that the damage is a mixture of point defect clusters and extended defects most probably dislocations [115]. This was confirmed by TEM [133]. Similar radiation hardness behavior of SiC during implantations above 300 ºC have also been reported for other heavy ions [20, 50, 96, 101, 103, 104, 115, 133 -138].…”

Section: Amorphizationsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…Cracks can also occur in the coating layers which allow fission products to escape. Release of the noble gases, 88 Kr and 133 Xe, is usually the indicator for cracked layers in TRISO particles. [254 -256].…”

Section: Silver Diffusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Caesium has 40 isotopes with 133 Cs being the only stable one. 137 Cs (with a half-life of 30.2 years) is produced in relatively large quantities in a nuclear reactor and together with 90 Sr (half-life 28.9 years) are the two isotopes with medium long lifetimes which contribute significantly to the radioactivity of spent nuclear fuel.…”

Section: Caesium Diffusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The other group are the fission products which leak out off the TRISO particle causing a radiological danger. The most important of these are m 110 Ag, 134 I, 131 Cs and 137 Cs, 90 Sr, 88 Kr and 133 Xe with the following somewhat less important fission products 132 Te, 140 La and the actinide 239 Pu [23,24,25]. In the last section of the paper ( §4) this review will concentrate only on some of the important elements, for the topics of the other sections, specific elements are not really of importance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diffusion of fission products and radiation damage in SiC

Malherbe

2013

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

109

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A major problem with most of the present nuclear reactors is their safety in terms of the release of radioactivity into the environment during accidents. In some of the future nuclear reactor designs, i.e. Generation IV reactors, the fuel is in the form of coated spherical particles, i.e. TRISO (acronym for Triple Coated Isotropic) particles. The main function of these coating layers is to act as diffusion barriers for radioactive fission products, thereby keeping these fission products within the fuel particles, even under accident conditions. The most important coating layer is composed of polycrystalline 3C-SiC. This paper reviews the diffusion of the important fission products (silver, caesium, iodine and strontium) in SiC. Because radiation damage can induce and enhance diffusion, the paper also briefly reviews damage created by energetic neutrons and ions at elevated temperatures, i.e. the temperatures at which the modern reactors will operate, and the annealing of the damage. The interaction between SiC and some fission products (such as Pd and I) is also briefly discussed. As shown, one of the key advantages of SiC is its radiation hardness at elevated temperatures, i.e. SiC is not amorphized by neutron or bombardment at substrate temperatures above 350°C. Based on the diffusion coefficients of the fission products considered, the review shows that at the normal operating temperatures of these new reactors (i.e. less than 950°C) the SiC coating layer is a good diffusion barrier for these fission products. However, at higher temperatures the design of the coated particles needs to be adapted, possibly by adding a thin layer of ZrC.

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Section: Amorphizationsupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Silver Diffusionmentioning

confidence: 99%