Damage Identification Based on Vibration Response of Prestressed Concrete Pipes

Alavinasab, Ali; Padewski, Edward; Holley, Mark; Jha, Ratneshwar; Ahmadi, Goodarz

doi:10.1061/41138(386)87

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Non-linear FEM has been used not only in static analyses of PCCP, but also in the dynamic response of PCCP. Alavinasab et al [15], [16] used FEM to evaluate the natural frequencies and mode shapes for the structural health monitoring (SHM) of PCCP.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the location of broken wire wraps on the failure pressure of prestressed concrete cylinder pipes

Hajali

Alavinasab

Shdid

2015

Structural Concrete

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1 Introduction and backgroundPrestressed concrete cylinder pipe (PCCP) has been used for large-diameter water transmission and distribution mains in the United States as lined cylinder pipe (LCP) since 1942 and as embedded cylinder pipe (ECP) from 1952 onwards. Many classes of ECP have been standardized by the industry based on their internal fluid pressure capacity and backfill earth pressure capacity. The concrete core and prestressing wire are the main structural components, while the steel cylinder acts primarily as a water barrier. The prestressing wire wraps generate a uniform compressive force in the core that offsets the tensile stresses developed in the concrete due to the internal fluid pressure. A mortar or concrete coating surrounds the prestressing wire, embedding the wraps in an alkaline environment to protect them from external corrosive influences and physical damage such as corrosion. Breakage of prestressing wire wraps is a common occurrence in PCCP and is a result of damage due to corrosion, hydrogen embrittlement, overloading or manufacturing defects. Corrosion in immersed concrete structures can be due to earlyage cracks that leave paths for aggressive media, thus compromising the durability of the element [1], [2]. Corrosion and the subsequent breakage of an individual prestressing wire wrap reduces the strength of the pipe at that location [3]. If corrosion continues, multiple wire wrap breaks may occur in the same region, further reducing the strength of the pipe and leading to failure. Since this wire breakage is the primary cause of the structural deterioration of PCCP water mains, it is important to understand the effect of its length and location. The class of prestressing wire with its corresponding ultimate tensile strength is also an important factor for the overall strength of the pipe. Understanding the behaviour of PCCP under combined internal and external loading has gradually developed since the mid 1950s, and the evolution of the standards has been a direct result of investigations into PCCP failures [4], [5]. Although there have been significant improvements in the design and manufacture of PCCP, understanding damaged PCCP, which is intrinsic to this, is still under investigation. A study performed by Zarghami et al. [6], which compared experimental hydrostatic pressure test results with results from numerical FEM, found that the final failure mode for large-diameter PCCP was caused by increased stress in the prestressing wire wraps rather than crushing of the concrete. Liu et al.[2] presented a constitutive model for concrete hardening which considered the degree of hydration concept. The approach allowed the effects of both age and temperature on hydration to be taken into account simultaneously when modelling the early-age behaviour of underground precast concrete pipes. The study used the proposed numerical model to investigate the influences of mix design, casting scheme and curing conditions on the early-age behaviour of the pipes [2].Ojdrovic et al. [7] used finite ele...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the location of broken wire wraps on the failure pressure of prestressed concrete cylinder pipes

Hajali

Alavinasab

Shdid

2015

Structural Concrete

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“…Unwanted vibrations may result in the fatigue and failure of structures from concrete steel buildings to precision instruments; therefore, vibration reduction and noise control is a serious engineering challenge. Much effort has been expended in attempting to minimize mechanical vibrations [1][2][3][4]. One of the approaches is to use damping materials to limit the vibration [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epoxy-Based Composites Embedded with High Performance BZT-0.5BCT Piezoelectric Nanoparticles Powders for Damping Vibration Absorber Application

Wang

Zhao

et al. 2017

Crystals

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Lead-free, high piezoelectric performance, Ba(Zr 0.2 Ti 0.8)O 3-0.5(Ba 0.7 Ca 0.3)TiO 3 (BZT-0.5BCT) sub-micron powders with perovskite structure were fabricated using the sol-gel process. A 0-3 type composite was obtained by choosing epoxy resin as matrix and BZT-0.5BCT, acetylene black as functional phases. Particular attention was paid to the damping behavior of composite with different content of BZT-0.5BCT powders, the influence of frequency and loading force on the damping properties were also analyzed. A mathematical model was developed to characterize the damping properties of the composites. It found that the piezoelectric effects and interfacial friction play a key role in damping behavior of composites, and a large dissipated loss factor of tanδ was found at the BZT-0.5BCT content of 20 vol %.

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“…In some linear models developed by Diab and Bonierbale (2001), Gomez et al (2004), and Alavinasab et al (2010), the broken wires are either completely removed from the model or assumed to have a certain length removed based on rule of thumb. No robust analytical analysis or experimental verification has been conducted to account for the effect of bond quality of the mortar coating on PCCP's structural integrity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Mortar Coating’s Bond Quality on the Structural Integrity of Prestressed Concrete Cylinder Pipe with Broken Wires

Ge¹,

Sinha²

2015

JMSR

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In North America, 90 out of 100 large water utilities utilize Prestressed Concrete Cylinder Pipe (PCCP) in their water transmission mains or force mains since 1942. This is mainly due to its low cost and relatively stable performance compared with other large-diameter pipe materials working under high-pressure. Though PCCP has relatively low failure rate, its failures usually occur without warning and can cause catastrophic consequences, threatening public safety. Most PCCP failures are caused by the breakage of prestressing wires that hold the pipe in compression. To be proactive and avoid PCCP failures, it is important to know the pipe condition and then take actions before it fails. Hence, numerical models have been developed to evaluate the pipe condition. However, current numerical models do not consider the bond between the presressing wires and mortar coating. Instead all broken wires are removed in the model. This is over-conservative and many good pipes had been misjudged to be "bad" pipes, causing unnecessary and very costly pipe excavation and replacement. To effectively and efficiently manage PCCP pipeline, it is very important to have a realistic modeling of the broken prestressing wires by considering the bond quality of the mortar coating. This paper analyzes the effect of mortar coating's bond quality on PCCP's structural integrity. A theoretical approach is proposed to determine the length of broken wires losing prestress by considering the bond quality of the mortar coating. Based on the proposed method, a numerical model is developed and the pipe's structural integrity is analyzed. Several cases with different bond qualities of mortar coatings are analyzed in this paper. The results are then compared and summarized. The simulations results indicate that PCCPs with good mortar bond are not compromised much, while the assumptions of current models are too conservative. The research presented in this paper provides a better understanding of the importance of considering bond quality in modeling PCCP. The findings of this research can help utilities better management their PCCP pipelines with different bond qualities.

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Damage Identification Based on Vibration Response of Prestressed Concrete Pipes

Cited by 12 publications

References 10 publications

Effect of the location of broken wire wraps on the failure pressure of prestressed concrete cylinder pipes

Effect of the location of broken wire wraps on the failure pressure of prestressed concrete cylinder pipes

Epoxy-Based Composites Embedded with High Performance BZT-0.5BCT Piezoelectric Nanoparticles Powders for Damping Vibration Absorber Application

Effect of Mortar Coating’s Bond Quality on the Structural Integrity of Prestressed Concrete Cylinder Pipe with Broken Wires

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