Damage in concrete: the unilateral phenomenon

Variational and numerical analysis of the Signorini′s contact problem in viscoplasticity with damage

“…Early models for mechanical damage derived from thermomechanical considerations appeared in [15,16], where numerical simulations were included. One-dimensional damage problems have been studied in [13,14].…”

A framework of elastic–plastic damaging model for concrete under multiaxial stress states

“…An accurate mechanical model is especially needed in the analysis of damage, aging and degradation phenomena. Following the approaches initially suggested by Ortiz (1985), Klisinski and Mró z (1988), Pietruszczak et al (1988), Lubliner et al (1989), Frémond and Nedjar (1995), among others, a vast number of models have been proposed in the past decades. Most of the recent proposals include in the model plastic deformations, damage and eventually cracking strains, in an attempt to achieve reasonable accuracy in the numerical simulation of the various mechanisms of deformation and crisis that are experimentally observed.…”

A frictional contact problem with wear and damage for electro-viscoelastic materials

“…When β = 1 the material is undamaged, when β = 0 the material is completely damaged, and for 0 < β < 1 there is partial damage. General models of mechanical damage, which were derived from thermodynamical considerations and the principle of virtual work, can be found in [7] and [8] and references therein. The models describe the evolution of the material damage which results from the excess tension or compression in the body as a result of applied forces and tractions.…”