Damage Mechanisms in AISI 304 Borided Steel: Scratch and Daimler-Benz Adhesion Tests

Rodríguez-Castro, G.A.; Jiménez-Tinoco, L. F.; Méndez-Méndez, Juan Vicente; Arzate-Vázquez, I.; Meneses-Amador, A.; Martínez‐Gutiérrez, Hugo; Campos-Silva, I.

doi:10.1590/1516-1439.025515

Cited by 32 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…From the experimental results obtained, Bull [23] suggested different failure modes as a result of the scratch test in different coated materials. For the case of the Fe 2 B/substrate system, the presence of Chevron, Hertzian, Arc, Lateral, and conformal cracks was observed on the four initial critical loads (until 61.5 N); these cracks are developed as unloading results being similar to those reported by [11,12]. Then, gross spallation and plastic deformation appear because of the compressive stresses due to the indenter movement in the last two critical loads, as was observed in Figure 6.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Ulutan et al [9] obtained, in the microstructure of borided AISI 4140 steel, the formation of FeB, Fe 2 B, and CrB phases, which were varying according to the temperatures and exposure time during the PPBP [10]. Other studies have focused his studies on stainless steels where alloying elements provide a change in the microstructure and mechanical performance of the materials [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adhesion behaviour of borided AISI 4140 steel

Márquez-Cortés

Martínez-Trinidad

León

2022

Surface Engineering

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In this study, the adhesion behaviour of the borided AISI 4140 steel was estimated. A di-iron boride layer (Fe 2 B = ∼22 µm) was obtained on the surface of the AISI 4140 steel preheated at 773 K for 30 min to prevent thermal shock; afterwards, the samples were exposed to 1173 K for 30 min. The scratch tests were developed over the surface of the Fe 2 B/substrate system using a Rockwell-C diamond indenter with a normal force increasing from 0.5-80 N. The friction coefficient behaviour and the residual depth values were measured considering the scratch length that was monitored during the test, according to the ASTM C1624 standard procedure. Critical loads were determined through the combination of the normal force and visual inspection over the worn surface with cracks (cohesive failure) or detachment (adhesive failure) and are explained according to the mechanical properties of the Fe 2 B/substrate system.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adhesion behaviour of borided AISI 4140 steel

Márquez-Cortés

Martínez-Trinidad

León

2022

Surface Engineering

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“…The buckling failure occurs in response to the compressive stresses ahead of the moving indenter, in which the coating promotes an opposite tangential force. Tensile cracking is originated by bending stresses which puts the outer surface (FeB phase) in tension and the inner surface (Fe 2 B phase and/or substrate) in compression ( Ref 31,32). Finally, the boride coating failed in a progressive manner characterized by complete delamination of the coating from the substrate and severe trackside spallation as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Failure Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the Adhesion Resistance of the Boride Coatings to AISI 316L Steel Substrate by Diffusion Annealing

Campos-Silva

Bernabé-Molina

Bravo-Bárcenas

et al. 2016

J. of Materi Eng and Perform

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In this study, new results about the practical adhesion resistance of boride coating/substrate system formed at the surface of AISI 316 L steel and improved by means of a diffusion annealing process are presented. First, the boriding of AISI 316 L steel was performed by the powder-pack method at 1173 K with different exposure times (4-8 h). The diffusion annealing process was conducted on the borided steels at 1273 K with 2 h of exposure using a diluent atmosphere of boron powder mixture. The mechanical behavior of the boride coating/substrate system developed by both treatments was established using Vickers and Berkovich tests along the depth of the boride coatings, respectively. Finally, for the entire set of experimental conditions, the scratch tests were performed with a continuously increasing normal force, in which the practical adhesion resistance of the boride coating/substrate system was represented by the critical load. The failure mechanisms developed over the surface of the scratch tracks were analyzed; the FeB-Fe 2 B/substrate system exhibited an adhesive mode, while the Fe 2 B/substrate system obtained by the diffusion annealing process showed predominantly a cohesive failure mode.

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“…The adhesion strength is obtained by the Rockwell indentation test, following the VDI 3198 standard, and surface images after the test are presented in figure 9. The adhesion analysis by this test is widely reported in the literature for thin films [59,60] and coatings up to several microns [61,62]. The surface images of vanadium nitride deposited samples in figure 9 elucidate that no radial cracks are induced, indicating the film's ductile behavior and good cohesive forces are present.…”

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confidence: 74%

Improved mechanical and wear properties of AISI-420 steel by cathodic cage plasma vanadium nitride deposition

Filho,

Naeem,

Monção

et al. 2023

Phys. Scr.

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In this study, a cathodic cage plasma deposition (CCPD) system equipped with a vanadium cathodic cage is used to deposit vanadium nitride coating on AISI-420 steel. This study aims to improve the tribological and mechanical properties. Specifically, this system is used because it can deposit not only a hard coating but also form a nitrogen diffusion layer that can enhance the load-bearing capacity of the sample and coating adhesion with the substrate. The XRD shows that vanadium nitride (VN) coating is polycrystalline, with a favored orientation along the (200) plane. The SEM results depict that at 673 K, the surface consists of uniformly disseminated spherical nanoparticles agglomerate to form coralloid granular nitrides. At 723 K, polygonal particles are uniformly distributed over the entire surface. The thickness of vanadium nitride films is 0.6 and 1.1 μm for 673 K and 723 K temperatures. The hardness of the sample increased up to 3 times over the untreated sample, whereas mechanical properties, including elastic modulus, and hardness-elastic modulus ratios H/E, H2/E, H3/E2 are upgraded, specifically at 723 K. Remarkably, the wear rates are reduced more than ten times, and a significant decrease in friction coefficient due to the deposition of VN coating. After the ball-on-disc wear analysis, the wear track is smooth and narrow for coated samples and still covered with vanadium and nitrogen elements, which indicates deposited coating is not detached from the substrate. It shows that VN coating can be deposited effectively to enhance the mechanical and tribological properties of AISI-420 steel.

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Damage Mechanisms in AISI 304 Borided Steel: Scratch and Daimler-Benz Adhesion Tests

Cited by 32 publications

References 19 publications

Adhesion behaviour of borided AISI 4140 steel

Adhesion behaviour of borided AISI 4140 steel

Improving the Adhesion Resistance of the Boride Coatings to AISI 316L Steel Substrate by Diffusion Annealing

Improved mechanical and wear properties of AISI-420 steel by cathodic cage plasma vanadium nitride deposition

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