Damage resistance and damage tolerance of hybrid carbon-glass laminates

Rhead, Andrew; Shi, Hua; Butler, Richard

doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2015.06.001

Cited by 31 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…With current composite materials and manufacturing processes, structural components can be produced with high stiffness‐to‐weight and strength‐to‐weight ratios enabling light‐weight structural designs—subsequently leading to fuel‐efficiency, energy‐efficiency, and reduced emissions. But structural composite components, especially in a laminate form, with high strength and low toughness (eg, thermosets), are prone to impact damage, either in service or during maintenance operations, and thus are often not considered ideal for safety critical structural applications …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…But structural composite components, especially in a laminate form, with high strength and low toughness (eg, thermosets), are prone to impact damage, either in service or during maintenance operations, and thus are often not considered ideal for safety critical structural applications. [3][4][5] Composite laminate structures are often susceptible to impact loading because of their inherent brittle intra-lamina and inter-lamina failure mechanisms (eg, matrix cracking, fibermatrix debonding, fiber breakage, and delamination). [1] Impact loading is in general categorized as low (<10 m/s), medium (between 10 m/s and 100 m/s), or high velocity (>100 m/s) damage event depending on impactor velocity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intra‐laminar toughening mechanisms to enhance impact damage tolerance of 2D woven composite laminates via yarn‐level fiber hybridization and fiber architecture

2019

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Advanced composites are widely used in primary and secondary structural applications, for example, aerospace, automotive, marine, and renewable energy sectors. But it is well recognized that the impact resistance and damage tolerance of composite laminates are in general poor, which is a major challenge for optimizing structural designs. In this regard, an experimental study is conducted for enhancing the damage tolerance of 2D woven composite laminates by exploring yarn‐level fiber hybridization. Hybrid yarns are produced by combing high‐strength fibers, that is, S‐glass, and high‐toughness fibers, that is, polypropylene [PP], and using commingling and core‐wrapping processes. Using the hybrid yarns, 2D fabrics, that is, with 5H satin, 2/2 twill, and 2/2 basket architectures, are weaved, and subsequently hybrid S‐glass/PP/epoxy laminates are manufactured via vacuum assisted resin infusion. The low velocity impact response and energy absorption of the hybrid laminates are investigated by drop‐weight impact tests at different energy levels, that is, 15 J, 25 J, 35 J, and 50 J. The damage tolerance is studied by compression‐after‐impact (CAI) tests, measuring the residual compressive strength of the damaged laminates. Furthermore, the failure modes are investigated using scanning electron microscopy for identifying damage mechanisms in the hybrid laminates after the impact and CAI tests. The impact response and damage tolerance of the 5H satin, 2/2 twill, and 2/2 basket fabric laminates are compared with that of noncrimp‐fabric laminates produced with (ie, S‐glass/PP yarns) and without (ie, S‐glass yarns) yarn‐level hybridization. It is shown that yarn‐level hybridization and fiber architecture significantly affect the impact behavior and damage tolerance of the 2D woven S‐glass/PP/epoxy hybrid laminates investigated. The microscopy studies show that intra‐yarn, inter‐yarn, inter‐lamina failure mechanisms can in general be introduced by combining yarn‐level fiber hybridization and fiber architecture for modifying failure and energy dissipation mechanisms under low velocity impact and hence the damage tolerance of composite laminates.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intra‐laminar toughening mechanisms to enhance impact damage tolerance of 2D woven composite laminates via yarn‐level fiber hybridization and fiber architecture

2019

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“…Many articles deal intensively with the prevention of global buckling by the use of adequately modified CAI devices [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ]. In principle, it is intended to first induce local effects such as local-sublaminate buckling due to delaminated layers in the damaged area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reduction of the free area is achieved either by applying double-sided stabilizing plates (cp. e.g., [ 10 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 17 ]) to the specimen called anti-buckling plates or by reducing the overall dimensions of CAI test samples through modifications of the equipment (cp. e.g., [ 11 , 12 ]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contribution to Reduce the Influence of the Free Sliding Edge on Compression-After-Impact Testing of Thin-Walled Undamaged Composites Plates

Linke

García-Manrique

2018

Materials

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Standard Compression-After-Impact test devices show a weakening effect on thin-walled specimens due to a free panel edge that is required for compression. As a result, thin-walled undamaged samples do not break in the free measuring area but near the free edge and along the supports. They also show a strength reduction due to the free edge which can become potentially relevant for very weakly damaged panels. In order to reduce the free edge influence on the measured strength, a modified Compression-After-Impact test device has been developed. In an experimental investigation with carbon fiber reinforced plastics, the modified device is compared with a standard device. It is shown that thin-walled undamaged specimens investigated with the modified device now mainly break within the free measuring area and no longer at the free edge and along the bearings as it is the case for standard test devices. The modified device does not cause a free edge weakening effect in comparison to standard devices. The modified device is therefore more suitable for determining the compression strengths of undamaged thin-walled composite plates.

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Mechanical behavior and damage degree of hybrid glass/carbon composites at low temperature

Papa

Ricciardi

Calzolari³

et al. 2021

Polymer Composites

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Hybrid composite samples with different carbon and glass fiber layers arrangement were produced by resin transfer molding (RTM) in an attempt to disclose the effects of low temperature on their flexural and low velocity impact behavior. Flexural tests were carried out at T = −50 C and the failure modes were examined, while impact tests, always at T = −50 C, were performed at penetration and at indentation in the range from 10 J to 30 J. The damage extension was accurately evaluated by ultrasonic non-destructive testing. The results were then compared with the room temperature ones obtained in a previous paper to highlight the influence of the temperature. The compression after impact tests were carried out at room temperature for samples previously impacted at both room and low temperature to assess the damage tolerance of the different hybrid configurations. Stacking sequence was found to govern both the flexural and impact behavior of laminates. At low temperature, the flexural strength and modulus values improved over the corresponding room temperature values irrespective of the stacking sequence, while an easier damage propagation and less residual strength were detected in dynamic loading.

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Damage resistance and damage tolerance of hybrid carbon-glass laminates

Cited by 31 publications

References 15 publications

Intra‐laminar toughening mechanisms to enhance impact damage tolerance of 2D woven composite laminates via yarn‐level fiber hybridization and fiber architecture

Intra‐laminar toughening mechanisms to enhance impact damage tolerance of 2D woven composite laminates via yarn‐level fiber hybridization and fiber architecture

Contribution to Reduce the Influence of the Free Sliding Edge on Compression-After-Impact Testing of Thin-Walled Undamaged Composites Plates

Mechanical behavior and damage degree of hybrid glass/carbon composites at low temperature

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