Damage sensing using a mechanophore crosslinked epoxy resin in single-fiber composites

Woodcock, Jeremiah W.; Sheridan, Richard J.; Beams, Ryan; Stranick, Stephan J.; Mitchell, William F.; Brinson, L. Catherine; Gudapati, Vamshi M.; Hartman, David; Vaidya, Amol; Gilman, Jeffrey W.; Holmes, Gale A.

doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2020.108074

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…After any resultant damage or fragmentation within the epoxy resin, the propagation of damage and the specific type of damage that occurred could be quantified. [ 25 ] The research from this work showed that different types of damage mechanisms occurred in the single‐fiber epoxy materials. FLIM was implemented to show that the lifetimes obtained from the material fluorescence varied in duration and shape.…”

Section: Flimmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further, crack toughness initiation and energy dissipation were predicted by many bone properties, but the damage initiation and propagation could be quantified within the Voronoi subregions. Investigating different damage propagation mechanisms [ 25 ] would provide a predictive model of fracture mechanics on the single pore level.…”

Section: Flim Applications To Structure‐property‐processing and Imagi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While this did not appear to significantly impact the thiourethane toughening, the reason for that is unclear, but in the micropermeability study, low viscosity resulted in high polymerization stress and large interfacial gaps, whereas high viscosity had low polymerization stress and well‐sealed margins. The change in viscosity likely results in damage propagation mechanism [ 25 ] differences and local heterogeneity in these bulk‐fill materials. Observing local lifetime heterogeneity differences would enable resolving a distribution of viscosities throughout these samples and any defects that may have been introduced during the preparation process.…”

Section: Flim Applications To Structure‐property‐processing and Imagi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[23,24] Furthermore, FLIM has recently been used to differentiate between different types of fracture mechanics in a cross-linked epoxy resin, with damage propagation throughout the sample being quantifiable. [25] Taking inspiration from these external fields will provide a path to understanding and improving the properties of these materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fluorescence microscopy has been adopted across the biological, chemical, and materials sciences. Its broad utility has traditionally stemmed from exceptional control [23,[25][26][27] over what processes and/or properties a researcher wishes to investigate. This allows researchers to tailor the reaction conditions and the choice of fluorophores to meet individual needs as appropriate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biopolymer hydroxyapatite composite materials: Adding fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy to the characterization toolkit

Easter

2021

Nano Select

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Biopolymers are frequently used due to their sourcing from renewable resources, widespread abundance, and cheap procurement costs. When combined with hydroxyapatite (HA), these materials are often used as restorative materials by general and oral health care providers and in veterinary medicine due to their unique properties of mimicking their biological congeners. When designing the next generation of restorative materials, it will be critical to understand the interactions between biopolymers and HA on micron and submicron length scales, which will require expanding the characterization toolkit. Fluorescence microscopy is one powerful tool for investigating materials on these length scales. Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), a technique that measures the fluorescence lifetime of fluorophores based on local environments, could be used to observe the structural properties of materials. In this review, FLIM is discussed as an addition to the characterization toolkit for its potential to provide unique insights into biocomposite material structure‐property relationships. Additional topics include structure‐property processing relationships, imaging and metrology technique advances, and the ability of FLIM to complement these techniques. Overall, this review complements the literature by providing a new methodology to uncover previously unknown information through microscopy.

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Section: Flimmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Flim Applications To Structure‐property‐processing and Imagi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Flim Applications To Structure‐property‐processing and Imagi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biopolymer hydroxyapatite composite materials: Adding fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy to the characterization toolkit

Easter

2021

Nano Select

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Fracture Detection in Bio‐Glues with Fluorescent‐Protein‐Based Optical Force Probes

et al. 2023

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Glues are being used to bond, seal, and repair in industry and biomedicine. The improvement of gluing performance is hence important for the development of new glues with better and balanced property spaces, which in turn necessitates a mechanistic understanding of their mechanical failure. Optical force probes (OFPs) allow the observation of mechanical material damage in polymers from the macro‐ down to the microscale, yet have never been employed in glues. Here, the development of a series of ratiometric OFPs based on fluorescent‐protein–dye and protein–protein conjugates and their incorporation into genetically engineered bio‐glues is reported. The OFPs are designed to efficiently modulate Förster resonance energy transfer upon force application thereby reporting on force‐induced molecular alterations independent of concentration and fluorescence intensity both spectrally and through their fluorescence lifetime. By fluorescence spectroscopy in solution and in the solid state and by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy, stress concentrations are visualized and adhesive and cohesive failure in the fracture zone is differentiated.

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Natural light‐triggered microcapsules for non‐contact and autonomous healing of surface damages on insulating materials

Zhang,

Liu,

Wang

et al. 2024

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In the process of curing or service, epoxy resin is prone to crack damage due to complex stress, resulting in material performance degradation and other catastrophic accidents. Self‐healing microcapsules offer an effective strategy to address the aforementioned issues and enhance the long‐term durability of materials. However, traditional microcapsules face challenges in achieving non‐contact repair, as the healing agent requires high temperature or other extreme conditions to achieve curing, which necessitates the artificial provision of these conditions. Moreover, such extreme conditions may accelerate equipment aging or negatively impact the matrix material. To address these issues, this paper reports a photosensitive microcapsule that can achieve healing by natural light for non‐contact self‐healing of insulating composites. In particular, SiO2 nanoparticles are incorporated into the shell of the microcapsules to construct a UV shielding layer, effectively preventing premature curing and failure of the untriggered microcapsules. Experimental results indicate that the proposed photosensitive microcapsule@SiO2 exhibits excellent thermal stability, remaining intact at temperatures up to 200°C. With a healing agent content of approximately 77.5%, the photosensitive microcapsule@SiO2 ensures effective repair. Furthermore, when cross‐linked with epoxy resin, it has minimal negative impact on the epoxy matrix, with a slight improvement in mechanical properties. The composites demonstrate outstanding self‐healing performance in response to mechanical scratch damage. Without the need for any artificial stimuli, the healing process can be easily activated by natural light, facilitating intelligent, contactless, and autonomous self‐healing.

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Damage sensing using a mechanophore crosslinked epoxy resin in single-fiber composites

Cited by 15 publications

References 40 publications

Biopolymer hydroxyapatite composite materials: Adding fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy to the characterization toolkit

Biopolymer hydroxyapatite composite materials: Adding fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy to the characterization toolkit

Fracture Detection in Bio‐Glues with Fluorescent‐Protein‐Based Optical Force Probes

Natural light‐triggered microcapsules for non‐contact and autonomous healing of surface damages on insulating materials

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