Damage to roots of <i>Trifolium subterraneum</i> L. (subterranean clover), failure of seedlings to establish and the presence of root pathogens during autumn–winter

Simpson, Richard J.; Richardson, Alan; Riley, I. T.; McKay, Alan; McKay, Suzanne; Ballard, Ross; Ophel-Keller, K.; Hartley, Diana; O'Rourke, Tiernan A.; Li, Hua; Sivasithamparam, Krishnapillai; Ryan, Megan H.; Barbetti, Martin J.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2494.2011.00822.x

Cited by 30 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…The association found between clade F Pythium and clover disease is supported by work in Australia. Using the same detection system, Simpson et al (2011) found the DNA concentration of clade F Pythium to have a linear relationship with damage to Trifolium subterraneum (subterranean clover) across multiple sites in Australia. This reinforces the importance of these pathogens in limiting production in pastoral agroecosystems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cost of root disease on white clover growth in New Zealand dairy pastures

Wakelin

Eslami

Dake³

et al. 2016

Australasian Plant Pathol.

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The cost to clover growth of soil-borne root disease was measured in ten New Zealand dairy pasture soils. The average increase clover growth (weight) after soil pasteurisation was 28.5 %, but ranged from a 64 % increase (Whataroa soil) to a decrease of 11.9 % (Ruakura soil). The economic cost of reduced clover growth was determined using the Farmax Dairy Pro decision support system. In Southland and Canterbury, clover root disease was estimated to cost $750 and $715 ha −1 year −1 respectively, and in the Waikato region $1506 ha −1 year −1 . DNA-based testing of the soils detected the presence of diverse fungal, oomycete and nematode pathogen populations. A significant linear relationship was found between reduction in clover growth and group F Pythium spp. (P = 0.0177). The DNA-based assay indicated that Aphanomyces trifolii, a root pathogen of subterranean clover, may be present in the dairy-pasture soils. As this pathogen is currently not recognised as present in New Zealand, a definitive determination of its presence is required. Based on the high economic costs of diseases, the control of soil-borne root pathogens in New Zealand pasture is a direct means to increase profitability.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many of these are primarily pathogenic to cereal crops and are included as part of the DNA-based pathogen testing provided to grain growers in southern Australia (Simpson et al 2011). While some of the Pratylenchus spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cost of root disease on white clover growth in New Zealand dairy pastures

Wakelin

Eslami

Dake³

et al. 2016

Australasian Plant Pathol.

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“…The Predicta B DNA extraction service infers P. irregulare quantification through quantification of Pythium Clade F as conducted and reported in other studies involving this pathogen on forage legumes (e.g. Simpson et al, 2011). Assays included controls to check for contamination and PCR inhibition.…”

Section: Composition Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Manipulating the ecosystem enables management of soilborne pathogen complexes in annual legume forage systems

You¹,

Barbetti²

2018

Plant Pathology

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Studies were undertaken to examine the potential for manipulating the ecosystem by altering forage species composition, intensity of grazing or by adding Rhizobium, to enhance productivity of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) forages affected by the soilborne pathogens Pythium irregulare and Rhizoctonia solani. Levels of tap and lateral root disease on clover and its productivity were differentially and significantly affected by the relative proportions of clover to annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum). In the presence of P. irregulare, both tap and lateral root disease decreased as percentage clover composition increased (R2 = 0.58, 0.59, respectively); there was no such significant effect in the presence of R. solani (R2 = 0.08, 0.18, respectively). Increasing and maintaining high clover content in forage offers a means to both reduce root disease and increase productivity and forage legume stand persistence. With simulated grazing studies, continuous (i.e. intensive) grazing in the presence of P. irregulare resulted in the most severe tap and lateral root disease, poorest nodulation and smallest roots and shoots compared with intermittent grazing. Hence, reducing grazing intensity also offers potential for significantly increasing productivity of root‐rot‐affected clover forage. For Rhizobium studies, nodulation was reduced in the presence of P. irregulare or R. solani; the extent of this was dependent upon which pathogen and the clover variety. Overall, these different studies highlight significant potential for manipulating the ecosystem to better manage soilborne pathogen complexes and improve productivity and persistence in annual legume forage systems adversely affected by soilborne oomycete and fungal pathogens.

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“…Climatic conditions, especially precipitation during the growing season, are undoubtedly the most important factor (Bolger et al 1993), but soil fertility (Saul et al 1999), competition with other plant species (Conning et al 2011), shading levels (Kyriazopoulos et al 2012), livestock management (Ates et al 2013), and pest and diseases (Simpson et al 2011) can also have an important influence on these parameters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomass yield, nutritive value and accumulation of minerals in Trifolium subterraneum L. as affected by fungal endophytes

et al. 2015

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Background and aims Trifolium subterraneum is a legume species which is valuable for feeding livestock and frequently used as a forage crop in countries with temperate or Mediterranean-like climates. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the effect of six leaf fungal endophytes on biomass production, nutritive value and mineral status of T. subterraneum forage. Methods Plants were inoculated with each of seven treatments (six endophytes + control) at two different growth stages. After inoculation, two experiments (under greenhouse and field conditions) were established. Results Endophytes affected biomass yield, nutritive value and mineral status of T. subterraneum forage, but effects varied between experiments and depended on fungal species. E202 (Chaetosphaeronema sp.) increased forage productivity by around 80 % in the field. Fusarium lateritium and E244 (Pleosporales) reduced Al concentration, and Epicoccum nigrum reduced Pb of the forage in the greenhouse experiment. An increase in essential nutrients, such as Zn, was mainly produced by Stemphylium globuliferum. Conclusions This study demonstrated that inoculation with endophytes can increase forage productivity and help reduce potential nutrient deficiencies and/or potential mineral toxicity in T. subterraneum.

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Damage to roots of Trifolium subterraneum L. (subterranean clover), failure of seedlings to establish and the presence of root pathogens during autumn–winter

Cited by 30 publications

References 52 publications

Cost of root disease on white clover growth in New Zealand dairy pastures

Cost of root disease on white clover growth in New Zealand dairy pastures

Manipulating the ecosystem enables management of soilborne pathogen complexes in annual legume forage systems

Biomass yield, nutritive value and accumulation of minerals in Trifolium subterraneum L. as affected by fungal endophytes

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