Dampak Penggunaan Fungisida Sintetik pada Kelimpahan Cendawan Endofit Tanaman Padi

Abstract

Application of fungicides to control rice diseases potentially have adverse effect on non target organisms including endophytic fungi. Unfortunately, information of fungicide effect on endophytic fungi on rice is still limited. The purpose of this research was to study the diversity and abundance of endophytic fungi on rice plant because of application of synthetic fungicides. There were two treatments in this study: non systemic fungicide (mankozeb) and systemic fungicide (difenoconazole) which were compared to control (without fungicide). Isolation of endophytic fungi and application of fungicides were conducted every week started at aged of 3 to 10 weeks after planting. Variables observed were total segment of rice colonized by endophytic fungi, colonization frequency of endophytic fungi, continued by identification and analysis of the diversity of endophytic fungi. This study showed that there was an increase in colonization of endophytic fungi with an increase of plant ages. The diversity of endophytic fungi was higher in stems than in leaves with the value of H' is 0.00-1.35 and 0.00-0.98 respectively. The most common types of endophytic fungi appear in each isolation of rice segments were Acremonium, Curvularia, Fusarium, Helminthosporium, Nigrospora, Penicillium, and Mucor. Both fungicides do not significantly affect the percentage of colonization and diversity of endophytic fungi. At the beginning of planting (4-6 MST) there was a decrease in the percentage of endophytic fungal colonization in the stem. From the percentage of colonization of each genus of fungi, Nigrospora and Fusarium decreased significantly with difenoconazole on the stem during the vegetative phase.
 
 Keywords: colonization, community, difenoconazole, diversity, mancozeb

PENGARUH BEBERAPA JENIS DAN DOSIS FUNGISIDA TERHADAP PENYAKIT HAWAR DAUN (Helminthosporium sp.) DAN KEANEKARAGAMAN JAMUR ENDOFIT PADA DAUN TANAMAN JAGUNG (Zea mays L.)

“…Bahan aktif difenokonazol mampu menurunkan frekuensi Fusarium. Hal tersebut sesuai dengan pernyataan Gurusinga et al, (2020) bahwa frekuensi kolonisasi Fusarium menurun dengan perlakuan difenokonazol dan pengaplikasian fungisida difenokonazol tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap indeks keanekaragaman jamur endofit. Jamur endofit banyak ditemukan pada perlakuan difenokonazol.…”

Pengaruh Ekstrak Daun Suren (Toona sinensis Merr.) Pada Tanaman Cabai Rawit Yang Diinfeksi Spora Colletotrichum capsici Terhadap Pertumbuhan, Kandungan Pigmen Dan Vitamin C

“…Hal ini dikarenakan cara kerja fungisida sintetik mankozeb yaitu bersifat non-sistemik. Menurut Gurusinga et al (2020), fungisida sintetik mankozeb termasuk dalam fungisida non-sistemik yang memiliki cara kerja hanya terbatas pada permukaan tanaman, tidak masuk ke dalam jaringan sel tumbuhan.…”