“…Therefore, other approaches have been developed to detect and monitor cracks and damage in various structures-e.g., crack growth detecting using ultrasonic and acoustic waves (Wen, Xia, et al 2011). Murčinková, Z. et al, have employed modal analysis, in addition to using vibration analysis to measure damping capacity (Murčinková, Vojtko, et al 2019). Piezoelectric sensors have also been implemented to detect energy variations using wavelets (Yan andYam 2002, Chouinard, Shahsavari, et al 2019).…”