Dams and Reservoirs in Evaporites

Максимович, Н. Г.; Milanović, Petar; Meshcheriakova, Olga

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-18521-3

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Evaporites are globally distributed over all continental surfaces but are more common in the Northern Hemisphere (Ford and Williams, 1989). Although they are less exposed than carbonates, there are large evaporite karsts in China, Ukraine, the United States but also smaller ones in many other countries and in various environments (Milanovic et al, 2019). They are formed by homogeneous or heterogeneous precipitation in waters with high concentrations of dissolved ions, induced by partial evaporation.…”

Section: Soluble Rocks On Earthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scaling laws for ablation waves formed by ice sublimation and rock dissolution: applications to the Earth, Mars and Pluto

Carpy

Bordiec

Bourgeois

2023

Front. Astron. Space Sci.

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Ablation waves involve solid substrate such as ice or soluble rocks. Ablation by sublimation or dissolution under turbulent winds or liquid flows may lead to the development of transverse linear bedforms (ablation waves) on volatile or soluble susbtrates. In glaciology, geomorphology, karstology and planetology, these ablation waves may provide relevant morphological markers to constrain the flows that control their formation. For that purpose, we describe a unified model, that couples mass transfers and turbulent flow dynamics and takes into account the relationship between the viscosity of the fluid and the diffusivity of the ablated material, for both sublimation and dissolution waves. From the stability analysis of the model, we derive three scaling laws that relate the wavelength, the migration velocity and the growth time of the waves to the physical characteristics (pressure, temperature, friction velocity, viscous length, ablation rate) of their environment through coefficients obtained numerically. The laws are validated on terrestrial examples and laboratory experiments of sublimation and dissolution waves. Then, these laws are plotted in specific charts for dissolution waves in liquid water, for sublimation waves in N2-rich atmospheres (e.g., Earth, Titan, Pluto) and in CO2-rich atmospheres (e.g., Mars, Venus). They are applied to rock dissolution on the walls of a limestone cave (Saint-Marcel d’Ardèche, France), to H2O ice sublimation on the North Polar Cap (Mars) and to CH4 ice sublimation in Sputnik Planitia (Pluto), to demonstrate how they can be used (1) either to derive physical conditions on planetary surfaces from observed geometric characteristics of ablation waves (2) or, conversely, to predict geometric characteristics of ablation waves from measured or inferred physical conditions on planetary surfaces. The migration of sublimation waves on regions of the Martian North Polar Cap and sublimation waves candidates on Pluto are discussed.

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Section: Soluble Rocks On Earthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scaling laws for ablation waves formed by ice sublimation and rock dissolution: applications to the Earth, Mars and Pluto

Carpy

Bordiec

Bourgeois

2023

Front. Astron. Space Sci.

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“…It is composed of Gachsaran Formation of Oilgo-Miocene Age with dominant salt, gypsum and marly layers. This structurally controlled landscape (Bull 2009) is accompanied by subsidence and sliding of highly soluble layers into the reservoir (Milanović 2018;Milanović et al 2019). The region is affected by neotectonic activity (Barjasteh 2018) in such a way that the Ambal ridge is aligned with an N-S basement lineament (Figs.…”

Section: Ambal Salt Ridgementioning

confidence: 99%

March 2019 Flood Impact on the Stability of Ambal Salt Ridge in the Gotvand Dam Reservoir, Southern Iran

Barjasteh¹

2023

Progress in Landslide Research and Technology, Volume 1 Issue 2, 2022

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Ambal salt ridge is a unique exposure of salt piercement in the reservoir of Gotvand dam in the southwest of Iran. It is composed of evaporitic Gachsaran Formation of Oilgo-Miocene Age. This structurally controlled piercement is accompanied by subsidence and sliding of highly soluble layers into the dam reservoir. The region is affected by neotectonic activity due to proximity to two known active faults namely, Lahbari and Pir-Ahmad thrust faults. Based on a four year field observation and monitoring, a gradual and continuous sliding is occurring that is intensified by ground water circulation through evaporite karstic sinkholes and fracture systems. The subsidence and sliding of the Gachsaran evaporitic layers increased significantly after a severe flash flooding in March 2019. The water level rising due to flood event caused filling and saturation of the existing sinkholes in the salt ridge that facilitated and prompted development of land sliding. The situation is expected to be more critical if a moderate to high earthquake would happen since the dam lies in an active tectonic zone of the Zagros Fold Belt. Land subsidence and sliding was facilitated by high fracturing due to neotectonic activity. Finally, based on the Newmark method, slide potential of the largest landslide body of the Ambal ridge was calculated considering geotechnical parameters obtained from core drilling and partial saturation of the salt body during March, 2019 flooding of Karun River.

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“…Evaporites are particularly vulnerable if they are present in the foundation of dams or in abutments of the reservoirs (Milanović et al 2019). Worldwide, more than 60 dams have been affected by gypsum and salt dissolution problems and needed rehabilitation.…”

Section: Characterisation Of Geology Associated With Dams In Karst Rementioning

confidence: 99%

Dams and reservoirs in karst? Keep away or accept the challenges

Milanović

2021

Hydrogeol J

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The distribution and flow of groundwater in karstified rocks can be extremely complex and not readily predictable, a far from friendly environment for constructing dams and reservoirs. There have been many expensive failures such as unacceptable leakage rates at and around dams, and/or reservoirs that could not be filled to the design levels. This is never the fault of site geology but always of human mistakes due to inadequate investigation programmes and/or erroneous interpretation of the karst processes at work. Remedial works are expensive, time-consuming and frequently do not justify the money invested. As a result, those undertaking engineering works in karst terrains may approach with two fears-of the exceptional risk and/or of a failure. The key question, so often, is whether to build the dam in karstified rocks or keep away from such a risky environment. However, construction of water storage reservoirs is essential in many karst regions for socioeconomic development. The challenge must be accepted. Based on much field experience, the best practices for selection of adequate dam and reservoir sites are defined and illustrated with specific examples from many different climatic, topographic, lithologic and hydrogeologic settings in Europe and Asia. This work emphasises that the amount of certainty or uncertainty in the crucial parameters-geological structure, groundwater regime, intensity and depth of karstification-should be recognized.

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Dams and Reservoirs in Evaporites

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Scaling laws for ablation waves formed by ice sublimation and rock dissolution: applications to the Earth, Mars and Pluto

Scaling laws for ablation waves formed by ice sublimation and rock dissolution: applications to the Earth, Mars and Pluto

March 2019 Flood Impact on the Stability of Ambal Salt Ridge in the Gotvand Dam Reservoir, Southern Iran

Dams and reservoirs in karst? Keep away or accept the challenges

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