DARC: A Distributed and Adaptive Routing Protocol in Cluster-Based Wireless Sensor Networks

Xu, Zhezhuang; Chen, Liquan; Cao, Lianyang; Liu, Ting; Yang, Dong; Chen, Cailian

doi:10.1155/2015/627043

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…But the CH election process can be disrupted due to the election policy, which may result in an unreliable communication at a certain round over the time. The authors in [34] proposed an adaptive and distributed clustering method called DARC. The main idea of DARC is to distribute the routing tasks among relay CHs by adjusting the routing mode of CHs.…”

Section: Cluster-based Routing Protocolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A QoS-Aware Data Collection Protocol for LLNs in Fog-Enabled Internet of Things

Hosen

Singh

Sharma

et al. 2020

IEEE Trans. Netw. Serv. Manage.

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Improving quality of service (QoS) of low power and lossy networks (LLNs) in internet of things (IoT) is a major challenge. Cluster-based routing technique is an effective approach to achieve this goal. This paper proposes a QoS-aware clustering-based routing (QACR) mechanism for LLNs in Fogenabled IoT which provides a clustering, a cluster head (CH) election, and a routing path selection technique. The clustering adopts the community detection algorithm that partitions the network into clusters with available nodes' connectivity. The CH election and relay node selection both are weighted by the rank of the nodes which take node's energy, received signal strength, link quality, and number of cluster members into consideration as the ranking metrics. The number of CHs in a cluster is adaptive and varied according to a cluster state to balance the energy consumption of nodes. Besides, the protocol uses the CH role handover technique during CH election that decreases the control messages for the periodic election and cluster formation in detail. An evaluation of the QACR has performed through simulations for various scenarios. The obtained results show that the QACR improves the QoS in terms of packet delivery ratio, latency, and network lifetime compared to the existing protocols.

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Section: Cluster-based Routing Protocolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dynamic clustering is usually self-configured (can be AI-assisted) and random according to the network state [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][31][32][33]. On the other hand, hybrid clustering adopts either static or dynamic clustering according to what is needed [34][35][36]. Sensor nodes are deployed uniformly or nonuniformly in LLNs/WSNs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A QoS-Aware Data Collection Protocol for LLNs in Fog-Enabled Internet of Things

Hosen

Singh

Sharma

et al. 2020

IEEE Trans. Netw. Serv. Manage.

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“…A distributed and adaptive routing protocol in cluster-based (DARC) routing has been proposed in [ 25 ]. The key approach of DARC is to adaptively adjust the routing mode of cluster heads to balance the energy consumption during inter-cluster communication.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In most of these techniques, cluster heads are elected either independently or based on competition of different weight functions. Similar cluster formations are followed by a joining message, either to a nearby cluster head or to a cluster head with a higher residual energy [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ]. This can balance the energy consumption of the nodes but does not ensure the maximization of the steady state (the time the first node dies in the network) and the network lifetime as well.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Energy Centric Cluster-Based Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

Hosen

Cho

2018

Sensors

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Clustering is an effective way to prolong the lifetime of a wireless sensor network (WSN). The common approach is to elect cluster heads to take routing and controlling duty, and to periodically rotate each cluster head’s role to distribute energy consumption among nodes. However, a significant amount of energy dissipates due to control messages overhead, which results in a shorter network lifetime. This paper proposes an energy-centric cluster-based routing mechanism in WSNs. To begin with, cluster heads are elected based on the higher ranks of the nodes. The rank is defined by residual energy and average distance from the member nodes. With the role of data aggregation and data forwarding, a cluster head acts as a caretaker for cluster-head election in the next round, where the ranks’ information are piggybacked along with the local data sending during intra-cluster communication. This reduces the number of control messages for the cluster-head election as well as the cluster formation in detail. Simulation results show that our proposed protocol saves the energy consumption among nodes and achieves a significant improvement in the network lifetime.

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“…As a result, the number of cluster heads in each round tends to congregate in a narrow range around the optimal value. Besides, the DARC protocol [6] uses adaptive routing strategy to effectively balance the energy consumption in the routing phase.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%