Dark ages, a window on the dark sector. Hunting for ultra-light axions

Abstract

Measurements of 21 cm intensity mapping (IM) during the dark ages can potentially provide us with an unprecedented window on high redshifts and small scales. One of the main advantages this can bring involves the possibility to probe the nature of dark matter. Tests of dark matter models with the large-scale structure of the Universe are limited by non-linearities and astrophysical effects, which are not present for IM measurements during the dark ages. In this paper we focus on constraining the model in which dark matter is comprised, totally or in part, by ultra-light axion-like particles around the 10-18– 10-22 eV mass scale. For this model, the angular power spectrum of 21 cm brightness temperature fluctuations will exhibit a small-scale suppression. However, this effect is intertwined with the imprint of baryon-dark matter relative velocity at recombination, causing at the same time an enhancement at large-scales, which is affected by the mass and abundance of axion dark matter. In this work we forecast how future radio arrays will be able to constrain ultra-light axion mass through both these effects on the angular power spectrum.

Velocity Acoustic Oscillations on Cosmic Dawn 21 cm Power Spectrum as a Probe of Small-scale Density Fluctuations

“…further proposed that HERA can detect the FDM down to a fraction of ∼1% in the mixed dark matter model. Vanzan et al (2024) investigated the feasibility of using the 21 cm angular power spectrum, influenced by both smallscale suppression and relative motion, to constrain the ultralight axions for various array configurations.…”