Dark Circles

Friedmann, Daniel P.; Goldman, Mitchel P.

doi:10.1016/j.cps.2014.08.007

Cited by 53 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…However, extrinsic and lifestyle factors also play a crucial role. [2][3][4][5][6][7] Dark circles are most often associated with tiredness, sleep deprivation and fatigue; however, there are numerous other extrinsic and lifestyle-related triggers, including illness/infections, atopy and allergies, stress, hormonal changes, chronic irritation of the eye area, eye strain, exposure to UV light, dehydration, poor nutrition, vitamin deficiency, excessive alcohol consumption and smoking. Certain medicines, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and chemotherapy drugs, are also suspected to trigger the occurrence of dark circles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Identification Of Three Key Factors Contributing To The Aetiology Of Dark Circles By Clinical And Instrumental Assessments Of The Infraorbital Region</p>

Mac-Mary¹,

Solinis

Predine³

et al. 2019

CCID

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Background: The aetiology of infraorbital dark circles is complex and multi-factorial. The aim of this research was to measure and characterize dark circles and to determine the physiological changes associated with the occurrence of this aesthetically unpleasing issue. Materials and methods: Clinical, photographic and instrumental assessments were performed on Caucasian skin to determine the most appropriate methodologies to measure dark circles, comparing different zones of the infraorbital region in subjects with and without dark circles. Exploratory studies were also carried out on African and Far East Asian skin, as well as on tracking the natural variation of dark circles over seven days in Caucasian subjects. Results: Under-eye dark circles in Caucasian subjects are characterized by significantly darker coloured skin and higher colour deviations between the dark circle region and surrounding areas of skin. Multispectral image analysis produced a higher melanin index in subjects with dark circles, suggesting hyperpigmentation in the affected area, in addition to a higher haemoglobin index. The higher haemoglobin index, combined with preliminary assessments of the vascular network by videocapillaroscopy, suggests there may be more dilated, thicker or increased numbers of capillaries in subjects with dark circles. Ultrasound analysis showed a significant difference in skin thickness between the two groups of subjects linking the appearance of dark circles to thinner skin under the eye. Many of these trends were also observed in African and Far East Asian skin. The results also showed intra-individual, intra-day and inter-day variability of dark circle intensity in subjects with Caucasian skin. Conclusion: Three key physiological factors associated with the occurrence of infraorbital dark circles are hyperpigmentation, a tendency for more dilated, thicker or increased number of capillaries and thinner skin in the under-eye area. The combination of these three factors provides a robust indication of the presence of infraorbital dark circles.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Identification Of Three Key Factors Contributing To The Aetiology Of Dark Circles By Clinical And Instrumental Assessments Of The Infraorbital Region</p>

Mac-Mary¹,

Solinis

Predine³

et al. 2019

CCID

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“…13 The possible mechanisms of the pigmenta on are increased melanogenesis in dermal melanocytes and increased transfer of melanin to basal epidermis, though rare, but an acquired orbital lipodystrophy may develop owing to the potent an androgenic eff ects of prostaglandin F2. 14 Underlying systemic, metabolic, hormonal disorders: It has been found that certain underlying systemic, metabolic, hormonal diseases, nutri onal defi ciencies may lead to pigmenta on of the periorbital area, however no substan al evidenced in the literature. 15 Life style factors: Some life style factors such as sleep disorders, stress, alcohol consump on, smoking, frequent cosme c use, frequent eye rubbing and lack of correc on for errors of refrac on like myopia are also implicated to POH although not clinically substan ated.…”

Section: Skin Laxity and Tear Trough (Shadowing Eff Ect)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…if the violaceous hyperpigmenta on on manual stretching of the lower eyelids is worsen, then it is because of subdermal vascularity. 14…”

Section: Eyelid Stretch Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Periorbital Hyperpigmentation: Overcoming the Challenges in the Management

Agrawal

2018

Nepal J Dermatol Venereol & Leprol

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Periorbital hyperpigmentation, also referring as dark circles or periorbital melanosis, is not a medical problem but can be a significant cosmetic concern for a large number of individuals and they try to find a treatment for this condition. This condition affects individuals in a wide range of ages, both sexes and all races. The therapeutic approach must vary with cause as it is multifactorial. Possible causes include excessive pigmentation, volume loss, skin laxity, tear trough, increased prominence and density of subcutaneous vasculature and orbital structural problem. Treatment modalities include topical bleaching agents, chemical peeling, and lasers, injectable fillers, fat transfer, high intensity focused ultrasound and surgery as monotherapy or in combination therapy to target the contributing factors of periorbital hyperpigmentation.

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“…These hollows lead to worsening of shadowing, which can particularly be noted in the tear trough area in the inferomedial orbit. [ 8 ] Overhead lighting can worsen the appearance of periorbital dark circles, while direct light may mask the appearance[ 9 ] [Figures 1 and 2 ].…”

Section: Underlying Ligament and Bone Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Infraorbital dark circles: A review of the pathogenesis, evaluation and treatment

Vrcek¹,

Ozgur²,

Nakra³

2016

J Cutan Aesthet Surg

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Infraorbital dark circles represent a common and multifactorial challenge in the world of aesthetic medicine and are the result of a variety of factors including deep facial anatomy, soft tissue changes, as well as contributions from the skin. A variety of treatment options exist, and a customised management strategy can be developed for the particular anatomic changes present. A literature search using MEDLINE and non-MEDLINE sources was performed utilising keywords including: ‘Dark circles’ ‘infraorbital dark circles’, ‘infraorbital pigment’, ‘under-eye circles’ and ‘lower eyelid bags’. A comprehensive review of the literature was performed and the data were assimilated with evidence from our practice. This review provides a detailed discussion of the aetiology, pathogenesis, evaluation and management of infraorbital dark circles. An understanding of the deep and superficial anatomy is crucial to the management of this complex entity. The armamentarium for treatment includes minimally invasive interventions such as makeup and cosmeceuticals, a variety of laser and chemical treatments, fillers and fat transfer, as well as more invasive surgical manoeuvres.

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Dark Circles

Cited by 53 publications

References 71 publications

<p>Identification Of Three Key Factors Contributing To The Aetiology Of Dark Circles By Clinical And Instrumental Assessments Of The Infraorbital Region</p>

<p>Identification Of Three Key Factors Contributing To The Aetiology Of Dark Circles By Clinical And Instrumental Assessments Of The Infraorbital Region</p>

Periorbital Hyperpigmentation: Overcoming the Challenges in the Management

Infraorbital dark circles: A review of the pathogenesis, evaluation and treatment

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