Plasmonic
nanoantennas focus light below the diffraction limit,
creating strong field enhancements, typically within a nanoscale junction.
Placing a nanostructure within the junction can greatly enhance the
nanostructure’s innate optical absorption, resulting in intense
photothermal heating that could ultimately compromise both the nanostructure
and the nanoantenna. Here, we demonstrate a three-dimensional “antenna-reactor”
geometry that results in large nanoscale thermal gradients, inducing
large local temperature increases in the confined nanostructure reactor
while minimizing the temperature increase of the surrounding antenna.
The nanostructure is supported on an insulating substrate within the
antenna gap, while the antenna maintains direct contact with an underlying
thermal conductor. Elevated local temperatures are quantified, and
high local temperature gradients that thermally reshape only the internal
reactor element within each antenna-reactor structure are observed.
We also show that high local temperature increases of nominally 200
°C are achievable within antenna-reactors patterned into large
extended arrays. This simple strategy can facilitate standoff optical
generation of high-temperature hotspots, which may be useful in applications
such as small-volume, high-throughput chemical processes, where reaction
efficiencies depend exponentially on local temperature.