Dark-induced vertical growth of chemobrionic architectures in silver-based precipitating chemical gardens

Abstract

Light sensitivity of many silver compounds has restricted observation of silver based chemical gardens. Here we report for the first time, silver based chemical gardens grown in dark. An identical...

From Balloon to Crystalline Structure in the Calcium Phosphate Flow-Driven Chemical Garden

“…For example, a wide range of patterns was observed: from regular tubes , to popping or budding membranes, − through life-imitating biomorphs . Some of them were considered as hierarchical structures, meaning that the larger-scale components of the structure are constructed from smaller ones. , External factors (absence of light, presence of magnetic field), pH, or the geometrical arrangement also play a role in influencing structural evolution. In particular, 2D and 3D flow-injection methods offer a convenient way to control the reaction by applying solutions instead of salt crystals. ,− Beyond these liquid-in-liquid systems, reactants also can be provided from gel matrices that are layered directly underneath the other reactant fluid to make thin tubular chemical gardens. ,,, …”

“… 18 Some of them were considered as hierarchical structures, meaning that the larger-scale components of the structure are constructed from smaller ones. 19 , 20 External factors (absence of light, 21 presence of magnetic field 22 ), pH, 23 or the geometrical arrangement 24 also play a role in influencing structural evolution. In particular, 2D and 3D flow-injection methods offer a convenient way to control the reaction by applying solutions instead of salt crystals.…”

Light-modulated colour transformation in highly intertwined vertically growing silver tungstate tubes

“…40 Chemical gardens have potential applications in biochemistry, 41 astrochemistry, 42 cement hydrations, 43 hydrothermal vent analogues, 44 and other technological fields. 45 Though it has now been established that the silver-based chemobrionics might not give rise to vertically grown tubes under light illumination 46 because of the light sensitive nature of silver, taking into consideration some simple chemical principles, we design the production of unprecedented silver tungstate chemobrionic tubes that grow vertically even under light illumination as well as under dark environments. This is in agreement with the previously reported silver-based silicate chemical garden systems that were observed only under dark conditions and did not appear under light illumination.…”

Flow-driven synthesis of calcium phosphate–calcium alginate hybrid chemical gardens

“…[8][9][10][11][12][13] Most of the underlying self-assembled architectures have been explored by utilizing a wide range of inorganic materials, including even alkali 14 or light-sensitive metal ions. 15 However, the selforganization of pure organic garden architectures is not much explored; it is limited to a few investigations, e.g., the formation of iron(III) oleate in organic solvents, 16 instabilities of tubular chitosan hydrogels, 17,18 and alginate coiling. 19 Here we have employed sodium alginate due to its favorable environmental properties, such as biocompatibility 20 and biodegradability.…”