Dark sector impact on gravitational collapse of an electrically charged scalar field

Abstract

Dark matter and dark energy are dominating components of the Universe. Their presence affects the course and results of processes, which are driven by the gravitational interaction. The objective of the paper was to examine the influence of the dark sector on the gravitational collapse of an electrically charged scalar field. A phantom scalar field was used as a model of dark energy in the system. Dark matter was modeled by a complex scalar field with a quartic potential, charged under a U(1)-gauge field. The dark components were coupled to the electrically charged scalar field via the exponential coupling and the gauge field-Maxwell field kinetic mixing, respectively. Complete non-linear simulations of the investigated process were performed. They were conducted from regular initial data to the end state, which was the matter dispersal or a singularity formation in a spacetime. During the collapse in the presence of dark energy dynamical wormholes and naked singularities were formed in emerging spacetimes. The wormhole throats were stabilized by the violation of the null energy condition, which occurred due to a significant increase of a value of the phantom scalar field function in its vicinity. The square of mass parameter of the dark matter scalar field potential controlled the formation of a Cauchy horizon or wormhole throats in the spacetime. The joint impact of dark energy and dark matter on the examined process indicated that the former decides what type of an object forms, while the latter controls the amount of time needed for the object to form. Additionally, the dark sector suppresses the natural tendency of an electrically charged scalar field to form a dynamical Reissner-Nordström spacetime during the gravitational collapse.

Scalar field as an intrinsic time measure in coupled dynamical matter-geometry systems. II. Electrically charged gravitational collapse

“…The obtained outcome is consistent with the results of previous investigations of the dynamical spacetimes emerging from the collapse of an electrically charged scalar field [5,8,9,17]. The described structure is also formed during the process running in the presence of dark matter [18].…”

Static configurations and evolution of higher dimensional brane-dilaton black hole system

“…For instance, their thermodynamical properties are quite unconventional, i.e., extremal dilaton black holes have zero entropy but its temperature is non-zero [48]. Moreover, their properties connected with late-time behavior of scalar fields in their backgrounds [49,50], decay of hair on them [51,52], thermodynamical properties and inequalities among mass, charge and angular momentum [53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60], uniqueness theorems [61][62][63] and dynamical collapse process and formation of singularities [64][65][66][67], are quite not trivial.…”

Two interacting current model of holographic Dirac fluid in graphene

“…This elusive component of the Universe is expected to be responsible for more than five times of the mass in the Universe as visible one. The problem is thus serious and worth studying in view of the latest astronomical observations, proposed future investigations and negative or non-conclusive results of the present direct experiments [58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76] aiming at its detection. There has been some efforts to look again into the old astrophysical observations like supernova 1987A data and to try to reinterpret them taking into account the existence of dark radiation (the dark photon) [77], as well as, to find the strong constraints on emission of dark photons from stars [78] and on the coupling of dark matter coming from light particle production in hot star cores and their effects on star cooling [79].…”