Darkness under candlestick: glacial refugia on mountain glaciers

Horáček, Ivan; Ložek, Vojen; Knitlová, Markéta; Juříčková, Lucie

doi:10.5817/cz.muni.m210-7781-2015-27

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In the mountains of north‐western Slovakia, Picea (<13.3%), Corylus (<5.6%), Alnus (<15%), Fagus (<1.9%) and Tilia (<1.6%) were more abundant in comparison with the south, but Quercus (<6.3%) and Ulmus (<3%) occurred as well. Although in view of the records from the more southern parts of the Pannonian lowlands (Sümegi, Magyari, Dániel, Molnár, & Törőcsik, ), the Late Glacial occurrence of temperate trees in south‐western Slovakia was anticipated, reports from colder mountains in north‐western Slovakia may seem surprising (but see Horáček et al., ). This mountain region, however, showed rather high precipitation distributed equally throughout the year during the LGM, without temperature extremes that would have suppressed temperate species (Bhagwat & Willis, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The co‐occurrence of contrasting biogeographical elements in the region may be explained by the presence of different types of glacial and post‐glacial refugia. Northernmost populations of warm‐temperate forest species may reflect glacial northern micro‐refugia (Horáček, Ložek, Knitlová, & Juřičková, ; Juřičková, Horáčková, & Ložek, ; Willner et al., ). Isolated southern and western populations of arctic, boreal and/or continental species may reflect post‐glacial refugia of glacial tundra (Kliment, Šibíková, & Šibík, ), steppe‐tundra (Horsák et al., ) or forest‐steppe (Feurdean et al., ; Kuneš et al., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pollen‐inferred millennial changes in landscape patterns at a major biogeographical interface within Europe

Jamrichová

Petr

Jíménez-Alfaro

et al. 2017

Journal of Biogeography

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Aim: The regional co-occurrence of contrasting bioclimatic elements (warm-temperate, continental, boreal, arctic-alpine) may be shaped by the distribution of their glacial or post-glacial refugia. We tested this hypothesis using pollen proxies in a region where such refugia are expected, but not unequivocally demonstrated.Location: East-Central Europe (Western Carpathians and adjacent regions). Methods:We compiled pollen spectra from 112 sites distributed across various landscapes for six time-periods from the Late Glacial to the present. Compositional patterns were assessed by principal coordinates analyses (PCoA) with a sensitivity analysis based on a bootstrap technique. Site PCoA scores were interpolated geographically and correlated with palaeoclimatic models.Results: Consistently over the last 15,000 years, the first ordination axis sorted samples according to the proportion of deciduous temperate trees, while the second axis consistently followed an altitudinal gradient that coincided with temperature.The principal gradient was more important than the altitudinal gradient except for the Late Glacial and Bronze & Iron Ages, when both gradients were of similar importance. The fine-grained pattern in the present mountain landscape was formed as late as during early modern colonization.Main conclusions: Since the Late Glacial, the landscape has been differentiated into temperate, continental and cold regions. This finding supports the hypothesis that refugia are a key factor for understanding current biogeography in Central Europe.The Late Glacial occurrence of temperate trees is unlikely to be explained only by gradual migrations from southern Europe. Humid but relatively warm mountains hence might have acted as glacial refugia of temperate forest species, while lowlands and leeward basins might have acted as post-glacial refugia of steppe grasslands. The strong contrast between forested (temperate) and more open continental landscapes during the Early Holocene seems to correspond with recent diversity patterns. Our results highlight the relevance of integrating past landscape trajectories into modern biogeographical models.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollen‐inferred millennial changes in landscape patterns at a major biogeographical interface within Europe

Jamrichová

Petr

Jíménez-Alfaro

et al. 2017

Journal of Biogeography

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“…The LGM is known to have had a profound effect on the biogeography of many animal and plant species [ 111 , 112 ] as well as on human populations in the Upper Palaeolithic, which resulted in population movements across the continent [ 3 ]. Traditionally, the environmental deterioration during the LGM has been linked to an abandonment of Central and Northern Europe.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual reconstruction of the Upper Palaeolithic skull from Zlatý Kůň, Czech Republic: Sex assessment and morphological affinity

et al. 2018

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The incomplete cranium discovered at the Zlatý kůň site in the Bohemian Karst is a rare piece of skeletal evidence of human presence in Central Europe during the Late Glacial period. The relative position of cranial fragments was restored and missing parts of the cranium were virtually reconstructed using mirroring and the Thin-plate splines algorithm. The reconstruction allowed us to collect principal cranial measurements, revise a previous unfounded sex assignment and explore the specimen’s morphological affinity. Visual assessment could not reliably provide a sexual diagnosis, as such methods have been developed on modern populations. Using a population-specific approach developed on cranial measurements collected from the literature on reliably sexed European Upper Palaeolithic specimens, linear discriminant analysis confirmed previous assignment to the female sex. However, caution is necessary with regard to the fact that it was assessed from the skull. The Zlatý kůň specimen clearly falls within the range of Upper Palaeolithic craniometric variation. Despite the shift in cranial variation that accompanied the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), the Zlatý kůň skull exhibits a morphological affinity with the pre-LGM population. Several interpretations are proposed with regard to the complex population processes that occurred after the LGM in Europe.

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“…It obviously represents a paleoendemite element of minute dispersal capacity, closely adapted to the specific conditions characterizing its Recent range, which most probably were locally available in the Alps throughout glacial times similarly as it was obviously the case of the High Tatra Mts. [ 85 ]. The remaing clade of European Apodemus (A .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Pleistocene-Holocene paleobiogeography of the genus Apodemus in Central Europe

Knitlová

Horáček

2017

PLoS ONE

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Wood mice of the genus Apodemus are an essential component of small mammal communities throughout Europe. Molecular data suggest the postglacial colonization of current ranges from south European glacial refugia, different in particular species. Yet, details on the course of colonization and Holocene history of particular species are not available, partly because of a lack of reliable criteria for species identification in the fossil record. Using a sample of extant species, we analyzed variation patterns and between-species overlaps for a large set of metric and non-metric dental variables and established the criteria enabling the reliable species identification of fragmentary fossil material. The corresponding biometrical analyses were undertaken with fossil material of the genus (2528 items, 747 MNI) from 22 continuous sedimentary series in the Czech Republic and Slovakia, from LGM to Recent. In Central Europe, the genus is invariantly absent in LGM assemblages but regularly appears during the Late Vistulian. All the earliest records belong to A. flavicollis, the species clearly predominating in the fossil record until the Late Holocene. A. uralensis accompanied it in all regions until the late Boreal when disappeared from the fossil record (except for Pannonia). A few items identified as A. sylvaticus had already appeared in the early Holocene assemblages, first in the western part of the region, yet the regular appearance of the species is mostly in the post-Neolithic age. A. agrarius appeared sparsely from the Boreal with a maximum frequency during the post-Neolithic period. The results conform well to the picture suggested by molecular phylogeography but demonstrate considerable differences among particular species in dynamic of the range colonization. Further details concerning Holocene paleobiogeography of individual species in the medium latitude Europe are discussed.

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Darkness under candlestick: glacial refugia on mountain glaciers

Cited by 7 publications

References 10 publications

Pollen‐inferred millennial changes in landscape patterns at a major biogeographical interface within Europe

Pollen‐inferred millennial changes in landscape patterns at a major biogeographical interface within Europe

Virtual reconstruction of the Upper Palaeolithic skull from Zlatý Kůň, Czech Republic: Sex assessment and morphological affinity

Late Pleistocene-Holocene paleobiogeography of the genus Apodemus in Central Europe

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