Das Antekaput – Col-Cap-Concept und endoskopische BoNT-Therapie

Reichel, G; Stenner, A.

doi:10.1007/s15016-017-6041-x

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Cervical Dystonia1

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2022

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“…This categorises CD into 11 distinct subtypes: torticollis, torticaput, anterocollis, anterocaput, retrocollis, retrocaput, laterocollis, laterocaput, lateral shift, forward sagittal shift and posterior sagittal shift (both retrocollis and anterocaput combined) [9]. A significant proportion of patients may have associated head tremor [7], jerking or phasic movements.…”

Section: Cervical Dystoniamentioning

confidence: 99%

A Clinical Approach to Focal Dystonias

Gandhi¹,

Anderson²

2022

ACNR

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Dystonia is a hyperkinetic movement disorder (HMD), characterised by sustained or intermittent involuntary muscle contractions resulting in abnormal postures and/or movements [1]. Although primary dystonia has an estimated prevalence of 16 per 100,000 [2], the diagnosis may be delayed, due to its clinical heterogeneity, the lack of objective biomarkers and the potential for pseudodystonic conditions to mimic it [1,3]. We provide an overview of the classification and common subtypes of focal dystonia, focusing on the clinical phenomenology and diagnosis.

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Section: Cervical Dystoniamentioning

confidence: 99%