Das Elektrenkephalogramm des Menschen

Berger, Hans

doi:10.1007/bf01496966

Cited by 150 publications

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“…The mathematics of subtraction mean that electrical activity generated near the reference will appear as an inverted polarity voltage at the active electrode. If we used a two-electrode configuration, as Berger (1929) did, it would not be possible to determine whether the activity we measured was greatest at the site of the reference electrode, the active electrode, or somewhere in between. Early in the history of human electrophysiology, researchers identified the importance of using multiple active electrodes to facilitate interpretation of the recorded voltages and determine the effect of the distance between the reference electrode and the active electrodes (Walter, 1938).…”

Section: Fundamentals Of Rigorous Erp Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A brief introduction to the use of event-related potentials in studies of perception and attention

Woodman

2010

Attention, Perception & Psychophysics

256

205

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Due to the precise temporal resolution of electrophysiological recordings, the event-related potential (ERP) technique has proven particularly valuable for testing theories of perception and attention. Here, I provide a brief tutorial of the ERP technique for consumers of such research and those considering the use of human electrophysiology in their own work. My discussion begins with the basics regarding what brain activity ERPs measure and why they are well suited to reveal critical aspects of perceptual processing, attentional selection, and cognition that are unobservable with behavioral methods alone. I then review a number of important methodological issues and often forgotten facts that should be considered when evaluating or planning ERP experiments.

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Section: Fundamentals Of Rigorous Erp Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A brief introduction to the use of event-related potentials in studies of perception and attention

Woodman

2010

Attention, Perception & Psychophysics

256

205

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“…However, it has been widely shown that EO and EC are two physiological states with different levels of brain activity. It was observed almost one century ago by Berger (Berger, 1929(Berger, , 1930) that the EEG alpha rhythm disappeared when the eyes were open, as compared to the case when the eyes were closed. BOLD fMRI studies have shown brain activity differences between the EO and EC states in the visual cortex (Jao et al, 2013;Liu et al, 2013;Yang et al, 2007;Zou et al, 2009;Zou et al, 2015), motor and auditory cortices (Jao et al, 2013;Liu et al, 2013;Yuan et al, 2014;Zou et al, 2015), and the default mode network (Jao et al, 2013;Liu et al, 2013;Yan et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Reliability comparison of spontaneous brain activities between BOLD and CBF contrasts in eyes-open and eyes-closed resting states

et al. 2015

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Blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) and arterial spin labeling (ASL) are two predominant resting-state fMRI techniques in mapping spontaneous brain activities. At single voxel level, cerebral blood flow (CBF) measured by ASL and amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFF) of BOLD have been recognized as useful indices to characterize brain function in health and disease. However, no study has directly compared the test-retest reliability between BOLD and CBF contrasts on the same group of subjects at single voxel level. Moreover, both eyes-open and eyes-closed conditions have been employed as resting states, but it is still not clear which state is more reliable. Here we collected BOLD and ASL data during eyes-open and eyes-closed states across three scanning visits on twenty-two healthy young subjects. CBF-mean, BOLD-and CBF-ALFF were computed to characterize corresponding brain activities at single voxel level. Seed-based functional connectivity (FC) with the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) was further calculated for both BOLD and CBF data. Intra-class correlation was used as the index of long-term reliability between visits 1 and 2 (two months apart) and short-term reliability between visits 2 and 3 (on the same day). Both short-and long-term reliabilities for CBF-mean and BOLD-ALFF were high, but were lower for CBF-ALFF, BOLD-and CBF-FC in both eyes-open and eyes-closed states. Direct comparisons showed that brain regions with the highest reliability of CBF-mean were mainly in the gray matter. The reliability of CBF-ALFF and BOLD-FC was lower than that of BOLD-ALFF, and the reliability of CBF-FC was lower than those of both CBF-ALFF and BOLD-FC. Furthermore, we observed that reliabilities of the eyes-open state were higher than those of the eyes-closed state for both imaging contrasts, though the effect size was small. Voxel-wise comparisons demonstrated that the long-term reliability of BOLD-ALFF was significantly higher with eyes open in the visual system, and both the short-and long-term reliability of BOLD-FC was slightly higher with eyes open in the default mode network. Moreover, we showed that denoising decreased the reliability of both ALFF and FC of both BOLD and ASL contrasts. In conclusion, our results indicated that CBF-mean and BOLD-ALFF could both be used as reliable indices for characterizing resting-state brain activities at single voxel level and recommended the eyesopen state for resting-state studies, especially for those targeting the visual system and default mode network.

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“…The majority of significant correlations were between self·reports and direct measures of EEG activity in the slower theta and delta bands, while music minus silence EEG measures in the alpha and beta bands provided superior correlates of subjective reactions. These results suggest that EEG techniques may be useful in increasing understanding of brain mechanisms associated with music perception, and that it may prove to be ultimately possible to account for sizable segments of the variance of aesthetic reactions to musical stimuli in terms of EEG measures of brain activity.Since the initial description of human brainwaves (Berger, 1929), there have been numerous studies relating the human electroencephalogram (EEG) to sensory input, attention, behavior, and various cognitive processes (Shagass, 1972). Many studies of EEG activity during nonlinguistic auditory input have been limited to the use of simple sounds such as pure tones.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the initial description of human brainwaves (Berger, 1929), there have been numerous studies relating the human electroencephalogram (EEG) to sensory input, attention, behavior, and various cognitive processes (Shagass, 1972). Many studies of EEG activity during nonlinguistic auditory input have been limited to the use of simple sounds such as pure tones.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Subjective reactions to music and brainwave rhythms

Walker

1977

Psychobiology

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The relationship between subjective reactions to music and EEG frequencies over left and right occipital sites was studied in groups of musicians and nonmusicians. Self·reports of atten· tiveness during music listening, familiarity with the music, and emotional reactions to the music all correlated moderately to substantially with various EEG frequency measures. The majority of significant correlations were between self·reports and direct measures of EEG activity in the slower theta and delta bands, while music minus silence EEG measures in the alpha and beta bands provided superior correlates of subjective reactions. These results suggest that EEG techniques may be useful in increasing understanding of brain mechanisms associated with music perception, and that it may prove to be ultimately possible to account for sizable segments of the variance of aesthetic reactions to musical stimuli in terms of EEG measures of brain activity.Since the initial description of human brainwaves (Berger, 1929), there have been numerous studies relating the human electroencephalogram (EEG) to sensory input, attention, behavior, and various cognitive processes (Shagass, 1972). Many studies of EEG activity during nonlinguistic auditory input have been limited to the use of simple sounds such as pure tones. In a recent report, Wagner (1975a) reviewed the limited literature relating human brainwaves to the perception of music and suggested that additional EEG studies might be helpful in increasing our understanding of the brain mechanisms underlying perception of complex musical stimuli.The purpose of the present study was to determine if EEG measures of the electrical activity of the brain are systematically related to subjective reactions to musical stimuli. To our knowledge, the present study represents one of the few published demonstrations of significant relationships between subjective reactions to musical stimuli and EEG measures of brainwave activity. METHOD SubjectsTwenty·four right· handed undergraduate students from Brandon University participated in the study. Twelve of the sub· jects were advanced undergraduate majors drawn from the faculty of music. The remaining subjects were nonmusicians selected from an introductory psychology course. An equal number of males and females were represented in both groups. All potential This study was supported by Brandon University President's NRC Grant 2374. Address requests for reprints to: J . L. Walker, Department of Psychology, Brandon University, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada, R7A 6A9. I wish to thank Professor Alan Ehnes from the Faculty of Music at Brandon University for assistance in conducting this study. 483 subjects were given an initial screening, and any student report· ing a preference for the left hand was not included in the study. The subjects ranged in age from IS to 32 years. The mean age of the musicians was 21.2 years, and the mean age of the non· musicians was 21.S years. ProceduresEEG recordings were collected during three aural conditions, including two musical c...

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Das Elektrenkephalogramm des Menschen

Cited by 150 publications

References 0 publications

A brief introduction to the use of event-related potentials in studies of perception and attention

A brief introduction to the use of event-related potentials in studies of perception and attention

Reliability comparison of spontaneous brain activities between BOLD and CBF contrasts in eyes-open and eyes-closed resting states

Subjective reactions to music and brainwave rhythms

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