Das Experten-Novizen-Paradigma und die Vertrauenskrise in der Psychologie

Furley, Philip; Schul, Karsten; Memmert, Daniel

doi:10.1026/1612-5010/a000174

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…On the other hand, athletes of the same age group with experience in other sporting domains and considerable fitness levels were examined. In previous studies, control groups differed in age and did not show a comprehensive background in sports [65]. The influence of age and confounding variables connected to general expertise in sports (e.g., aerobic endurance) is therefore diminished by the design of the groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Decision-Making Skills in Youth Basketball Players: Diagnostic and External Validation of a Video-Based Assessment

Rosch

Schultz

Höner

2021

IJERPH

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Decision-making is a central skill of basketball players intending to excel individually and contribute to their teams’ success. The assessment of such skills is particularly challenging in complex team sports. To address this challenge, this study aimed to conceptualize a reliable and valid video-based decision-making assessment in youth basketball. The study sample comprised youth basketball players of the German U16 national team (n = 17; MAge = 16.01 ± 0.25 years) and students of a sports class (n = 17; MAge = 15.73 ± 0.35 years). Diagnostic validity was tested by determination of the performance levels according to response accuracy as well as response time in the assessment. External validity was examined by investigation of the correlation between the diagnostic results of the elite athletes and their real game performance data associated with passing skills. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the diagnostic results discriminate between performance levels (χ2(2) = 20.39, p < 0.001, Nagelkerke’s R2 = 0.60). Multiple regression analysis demonstrated a positive relationship between the diagnostic results and assists (F(2,10) = 4.82, p < 0.05; R2 = 0.49) as well as turnovers per game (F(2,10) = 5.23, p < 0.05; R2 = 0.51). However, no relationship was detected regarding the assist-turnover ratio. Further, response time discriminated within the elite athletes’ performance data but not between performance levels while for response accuracy the opposite is the case. The results confirm the diagnostic and external validity of the assessment and indicate its applicability to investigate decision-making skills in youth basketball.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Decision-Making Skills in Youth Basketball Players: Diagnostic and External Validation of a Video-Based Assessment

Rosch

Schultz

Höner

2021

IJERPH

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“…In contrast to the findings on the DFT and soccer expertise (Vestberg et al, 2012(Vestberg et al, , 2020(Vestberg et al, , 2017, Furley, Schul, and Memmert (2017) pointed out that findings of improved cognitive performance in expert soccer players is anything but consistent. Several studies failed to provide evidence of superior executive functions in experts (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…Verburgh, Scherder, van Lange, & Oosterlaan, 2014). These inconsistencies are discussed against the background of confounding variables, sample sizes, expectation of the researchers, and definition of expert (Furley et al, 2017), as well as under the perspective of the need for reliable measurements (Schweizer, Furley, Rost, & Barth, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The design fluency test: a reliable and valid instrument for the assessment of game intelligence?

Finkenzeller

Krenn

Würth

et al. 2021

Ger J Exerc Sport Res

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The design fluency test (DFT) has been reported to predict successful sports performance of soccer players and has therefore been in the spotlight of sport psychology research. There is, however, a lack of research regarding the psychometric properties of the DFT in elite sports. Thus, the aim of this research was to provide findings of test–retest reliability, practice effects and the diagnostic power of the DFT. Multiple studies of youth and adult elite athletes, as well as nonathlete students, were conducted in applied settings. Test–retest relationship demonstrated poor to acceptable short-term and long-term correlations. Furthermore, significant changes between test and retest were obtained in some variables that differed among samples. The differential value of the DFT was corroborated by significant differences between adolescent students and adolescent elite soccer players. Regarding the prospective value, significant partial correlation coefficients were found between DFT scores and volleyball performance in adult elite players. Although our research partially confirmed previous findings on the differential and prospective power of the DFT, the findings on test–retest reliability indicate that the DFT cannot be recommended for application in sports. The psychometric properties—in particular the findings on test–retest reliability—of the DFT have to be improved before research can be carried out on the application for the selection of team sport athletes and for the prediction of future success in team sports. Further research is needed to develop a scientific instrument for the assessment of game intelligence.

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“…Second, only few studies have applied statistical procedures able to control for confounding variables; and third, no study analyzed a possible interaction effect of practice in main sport and other sports. 6 Fourth, it must be generally said that the relative approach very rarely allows causal conclusions (Furley, Schul, & Memmert, 2016). Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyze the relevance of practice in main sport and other sports absolved in childhood and adolescence for international success by applying a new methodical approach, combining decision trees and gradient boosting, to data from the early study by Emrich and Güllich (2005).…”

Section: Literature Review Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Machine Learning Approach to “Revisit” Specialization and Sampling in Institutionalized Practice

2019

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The question which nature and scope of developmental participation patterns lead to international senior-level success has been controversially discussed in the literature for many years. The present article aimed to extend existing literature in two respects. First, we reviewed studies comparing developmental sport activities of international-level and national-level athletes. The results indicated that comparisons among the highest success levels are infrequent, findings partly varied across studies, while the practice volume in other sports, but not in the athlete's main sport, mostly distinguished international-level from national-level athletes. Second, a new methodical approach combining decision trees and gradient boosting (conducted under the R environment) was applied to data from a previously published study. It allowed for multivariate, interactive, and nonlinear analysis and was promising to achieve relatively better explanation than earlier, traditional procedures. The results indicate that some formerly found differences between international and national-level athletes in the volume of main-sport and other-sports practice may represent artifacts of uncontrolled age effects, rather than variables factually differentiating success. In the context of the specialization-diversification debate, the present findings suggest that the debate addresses a "production function," the structure of which is still unknown. Practice-related recommendations on developmental participation patterns are apparently expressions of highly rationalized myths, rather than evidence-based efficient norms.

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Das Experten-Novizen-Paradigma und die Vertrauenskrise in der Psychologie

Cited by 7 publications

References 59 publications

Decision-Making Skills in Youth Basketball Players: Diagnostic and External Validation of a Video-Based Assessment

Decision-Making Skills in Youth Basketball Players: Diagnostic and External Validation of a Video-Based Assessment

The design fluency test: a reliable and valid instrument for the assessment of game intelligence?

A Machine Learning Approach to “Revisit” Specialization and Sampling in Institutionalized Practice

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