Das Hormon des Hypophysenvorderlappens

Zondek, Bernhard; Aschheim, S.

doi:10.1007/bf01710709

Cited by 155 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…The original biological activity of hCG was first revealed in the nineteen twenties and confirmed and elaborated in the years that followed [1-4,17-23]. With pregnancy, hCG takes over from LH in promoting progesterone production by ovarian corpus luteal cells, preventing menstrual bleeding (Table 1).…”

Section: Biological Function Of Hcgmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…All of these works show that there was a clear hormonal link between the placenta and the uterus [1-3]. In 1927, Ascheim and Zondek demonstrated that pregnant women produce a gonad-stimulating substance [4]. They showed that injecting this substance into intact immature female mice let to follicular maturation, ovulation, and hemorrhaging into the ovarian stroma.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biological functions of hCG and hCG-related molecules

Cole

2010

Reprod Biol Endocrinol

379

296

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BackgroundhCG is a term referring to 4 independent molecules, each produced by separate cells and each having completely separate functions. These are hCG produced by villous syncytiotrophoblast cells, hyperglycosylated hCG produced by cytotrophoblast cells, free beta-subunit made by multiple primary non-trophoblastic malignancies, and pituitary hCG made by the gonadotrope cells of the anterior pituitary.Results and discussionhCG has numerous functions. hCG promotes progesterone production by corpus luteal cells; promotes angiogenesis in uterine vasculature; promoted the fusion of cytotrophoblast cell and differentiation to make syncytiotrophoblast cells; causes the blockage of any immune or macrophage action by mother on foreign invading placental cells; causes uterine growth parallel to fetal growth; suppresses any myometrial contractions during the course of pregnancy; causes growth and differentiation of the umbilical cord; signals the endometrium about forthcoming implantation; acts on receptor in mother's brain causing hyperemesis gravidarum, and seemingly promotes growth of fetal organs during pregnancy.Hyperglycosylated hCG functions to promote growth of cytotrophoblast cells and invasion by these cells, as occurs in implantation of pregnancy, and growth and invasion by choriocarcinoma cells. hCG free beta-subunit is produced by numerous non-trophoblastic malignancies of different primaries. The detection of free beta-subunit in these malignancies is generally considered a sign of poor prognosis. The free beta-subunit blocks apoptosis in cancer cells and promotes the growth and malignancy of the cancer. Pituitary hCG is a sulfated variant of hCG produced at low levels during the menstrual cycle. Pituitary hCG seems to mimic luteinizing hormone actions during the menstrual cycle.

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Section: Biological Function Of Hcgmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological functions of hCG and hCG-related molecules

Cole

2010

Reprod Biol Endocrinol

379

296

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“…This artificial change of endocrine balance could be accomplished experimentally in a variety of ways. Since the pioneering work of Philip Smith (11), Evans and coworkers (12), Smith and Engle (13), and Zondek and Aschheim (14), the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland has come to be regarded not only as the "motor" of the genital system but also as an organ which has important functions for the growth of the body and the maintenance of intermediary metabolism. Another possibility of substituting a single phase of sexual maturity only was opened up by the application of principles evolved from the work of Allen and Doisy (15) on the female sex hormone.…”

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confidence: 99%

An Investigation Into the Significance of Hormonal Factors in Experimental Poliomyelitis

Jungeblut

Engle

1934

Journal of Experimental Medicine

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Poliomyelitis continues to be a formidable problem in clinical medicine and public health. Although no one would today seriously question the infectious character of the disease, our knowledge of its pathogenesis is still imperfect. Thus, insusceptibility to the virus, exemplified by the extent of racial and individual resistance, is so widespread that an attack of poliomyelitis after known exposure is the exception rather than the rule. Again, while the effect of age, season and climate on the outbreak of epidemics of poliomyelitis is well established, the manner in which these factors affect the mechanism of resistance to the disease remains obscure. The irregular spread of the infection has been interpreted as indicating a wide dissemination of the virus among civilized populations, with the further inference that a majority of adult individuals can carry it without ill effects. Precisely where one should look for the source of this insusceptibility, however, is a question on which opinions are sharply divided. Most authorities incline to the belief that the protection is due to an almost universal process of specific immunization against the infectious agent, brought about either by abortive attacks of the disease (Wickman (1); Paul, Salinger and Trask (2)) or by latent epidemization (Wernstedt (3); Aycock (4)). The arguments which support these hypotheses have been gathered largely from epidemiological observations. While the various data taken at their face value, particularly when viewed in the light of analogy with other infectious diseases, are suggestive, the evidence can by no means be considered as conclusive. On

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“…Two much cited studies were essentially confirmation of the above studies at the beginning of the century. Bernhard Zondek (1891Zondek ( -1966 and Selmar Aschheim (1878Aschheim ( -1965 noted that injection of pituitary extract produced estrus in immature animals-though not if they had been castrated [57]. Smith and Engle [58] observed that pituitary extract given to infantile animals caused swift maturation of the genital system.…”

Section: Gonadotropinsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Pituitary-gonadal axis: historical notes

Lindholm

2008

Pituitary

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Though it was appreciated at a very early time that removal of gonads had evident consequences, the anatomy and function of the gonads were essentially unknown in the Antiquity. It was not until around 1600 that men like Vesalius, de Graaf and Leeuwenhoek initiated rational studies on the structure and function of the gonads. The close relationship between gonads and hypothalamus/pituitary was recognized less than 100 years ago. The last pituitary hormone with gonadotroph effect was discovered a generation ago. This paper briefly describes some major points in the development of our knowledge of the pituitary-gonadal function. Considering the huge number of studies involved, this review reflects but a tiny fraction of the work laid down over millennia within this field.

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Das Hormon des Hypophysenvorderlappens

Cited by 155 publications

References 0 publications

Biological functions of hCG and hCG-related molecules

Biological functions of hCG and hCG-related molecules

An Investigation Into the Significance of Hormonal Factors in Experimental Poliomyelitis

Pituitary-gonadal axis: historical notes

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