Das Kauffmann-White-Schema

Kauffmann, F.

doi:10.1007/978-3-662-25832-3_4

Cited by 22 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…A second idea (Lavery & Henry 1988) is that galaxy-galaxy collisions in the cluster environment are responsible for the starburst. Clusters formed in a hierarchical scenario have a history which is qualitatively consistent with both mechanisms (Bower 1991;Kauffmann 1995). In fact, a cluster of given physical mass is a much younger object at high than at low redshift.…”

Section: Accretion Ratesmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…Therefore, both the infall of haloes and the merging of its progenitors are stronger at high redshift. In these models, the quantity used to measure the infall of galaxies onto the cluster has usually been the global infall rate presented in Section 4.3 (Bower 1991), or the fraction of cluster mass in galaxy-size haloes (Kauffmann 1995). However, the accretion rate onto the main cluster progenitor is probably a more appropriate quantity to consider.…”

Section: Accretion Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The assembly of matter in galaxy clusters

Tormen

1998

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

103

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We study the merging history of dark matter haloes that end up in rich clusters, using N-body simulations of a scale-free universe. We compare the predictions of the extended Press & Schechter (P&S) formalism with several conditional statistics of the protocluster matter: the mass distribution and relative abundance of progenitor haloes at different redshifts, the infall rate of progenitors within the protocluster, the formation redshift of the most massive cluster progenitor, and the accretion rates of other haloes on to it. The high quality of our simulations allows an unprecedented resolution in the mass range of the studied distributions. We also present the global mass function for the same cosmological model. We find that the P&S formalism and its extensions cannot simultaneously describe the global evolution of clustering and its evolution in a protocluster environment. The best-fitting P&S model for the global mass function is a poor fit to the statistics of cluster progenitors. This discrepancy is in the sense of underpredicting the number of high-mass progenitors at high redshift. Although the P&S formalism can provide a good qualitative description of the global evolution of hierarchical clustering, particular attention is needed when applying the theory to the mass distribution of progenitor objects at high redshift

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Section: Accretion Ratesmentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: Accretion Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The assembly of matter in galaxy clusters

Tormen

1998

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

103

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“…These in turn are the starting point of a recipe for galaxy formation, whose predictions can be compared to the observed properties of real galaxies and clusters. Extensive work in this direction has been done in the past few years (Kauffmann & White 1993;Cole et al 1994;Heyl et al 1995;Kauffmann 1995), in an attempt to interpret the various observations in a unified and global framework. While this work provides a plausible link between the properties of dark matter haloes and those of galaxies and clusters, it is necessary to complement the investigation with numerical simulations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The rise and fall of satellites in galaxy clusters

Tormen¹

1997

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

197

252

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We use N -body simulations to study the infall of dark matter haloes onto rich clusters of galaxies. After identification of all cluster progenitors in the simulations, we select those haloes which accrete directly onto the main cluster progenitor. We construct the mass function of these merging satellites, and calculate the main orbital parameters for the accreted lumps. The average circularity of the orbits is ǫ ≃ 0.5, while either radial or almost circular orbits are equally avoided. More massive satellites move along slightly more eccentric orbits, with lower specific angular momentum and a smaller pericentre. We find that the infall of satellites onto the main cluster progenitor has a very anisotropic distribution. This anisotropy is to a large extent responsible for the shape and orientation of the final cluster and of its velocity ellipsoid. At the end of the simulations, the major axis of the cluster is aligned both with that of its velocity ellipsoid, and with the major axis of the ellipsoid defined by the satellite infall pattern, to ≈ 30 • on average. We also find that, in lower mass clusters, a higher fraction of the final virial mass is provided by small, dense satellites. These sink to the centre of the parent cluster and so enhance its central density. This mechanism is found to be partially responsible for the correlation between halo masses and characteristic overdensities, recently highlighted by Navarro, Frenk & White (1996).

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“…that an examination of other flagellins may reveal more suitable molecules for interchange with known epitopes. The d and i flagellins investigated to date are both defined (4,15,17) by their production of a single major flagellar antigen. Other flagellar antigens have been divided into subfactors (4,15,17), and it would seem a priori that the existence of such natural variation might reveal a site at which manipulation could be attempted with less effect on the properties of the molecule.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The d and i flagellins investigated to date are both defined (4,15,17) by their production of a single major flagellar antigen. Other flagellar antigens have been divided into subfactors (4,15,17), and it would seem a priori that the existence of such natural variation might reveal a site at which manipulation could be attempted with less effect on the properties of the molecule. In the Kauffmann-White scheme (15), eight major subfactors (f,g, m,p, q, s, t, and u) of the Salmonella phase-i g antigen were described, and it has been shown that the factor g itself is a complex composed of two or more of at least five subfactors, gl togS (44).…”

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confidence: 99%

Molecular analyses of the Salmonella g. . . flagellar antigen complex

Masten

Joys

1993

J Bacteriol

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Salmonella flagellar ifiaments are polymers of a highly antigenic protein, termed flageilin. Eight main subfactors have been identified in the Salmonella phase-i g ... series flagellar antigen. To determine the molecular basis for expression of the epitopes by which the g ... family subfactors are distinguished, 10 members of this series were selected and their fliC (the structural gene for phase-i flagellin) genes were sequenced. Comparative analyses of the inferred primary structures of these flagellins did not allow the identification of linear epitopes responsible for the antigen subfactors. This suggests that conformational aspects are involved in determining the antigenic specificity in these cases. A phylogenetic analysis of the flagellin sequences showed that members of the g.. . series do not form a single coherent unit. (13) were located within region IV. These properties led others (27,28,43) to suggest that flagella might be useful in vaccine development if part of the hypervariable region could be substituted with a medically important epitope-specifying oligonucleotide, in the correct orientation and reading frame, resulting in exposure of the epitope at the surface of the flagella. To date, such substitutions have been limited to a unique restriction site in the structural gene for the flagellin antigen i of S. typhimurium (27) and to a 48-bp segment in regi6n IV (41) of the structural gene for the flagellar antigen d of S. muenchen (2,20,24,28,29,38,39,43), which is readily excised by restriction enzyme EcoRV. These attempts have been only partially successful. The primary problem seems to be that substitutions in flagellin result in an inability of the molecules * Corresponding author.to polymerize into flagellar filaments. It occurred to one of us (T.M.J.) that an examination of other flagellins may reveal more suitable molecules for interchange with known epitopes. The d and i flagellins investigated to date are both defined (4, 15, 17) by their production of a single major flagellar antigen. Other flagellar antigens have been divided into subfactors (4,15,17), and it would seem a priori that the existence of such natural variation might reveal a site at which manipulation could be attempted with less effect on the properties of the molecule. In the Kauffmann-White scheme (15), eight major subfactors (f,g, m,p, q, s, t, and u) of the Salmonella phase-i g antigen were described, and it has been shown that the factor g itself is a complex composed of two or more of at least five subfactors, gl togS (44). On the basis of amino acid composition, McDonough (22) determined that members of the g.. . series (selected serovars with flagellar antigens g,m; gp; and g,s,t) showed greater variability than single-factor flagellins. For this reason, we selected flagellins from the g... series of Salmonella flagellar antigens in the expectation that the subfactors that separate the different serovars would be located in a common region that would make an efficient site for directed substitutions. Here we rep...

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Das Kauffmann-White-Schema

Cited by 22 publications

References 22 publications

The assembly of matter in galaxy clusters

The assembly of matter in galaxy clusters

The rise and fall of satellites in galaxy clusters

Molecular analyses of the Salmonella g. . . flagellar antigen complex

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