Das Unternehmen als Wirtschaftsstabilisator

Organic Carbonates

“…151 Dicarboxylic acids react with diphenyl carbonate to eliminate carbon dioxide and form diphenyl esters, which are the starting materials for the production of high molecular weight aromatic polyesters. 152,153 Diphenyl carbonate can be used to increase the viscosity of polycondensates such as polyamides and polyesters. 154 The reaction of pentaerythritol phosphate alcohol with diphenyl carbonate in the presence of imidazole catalyst at 204 °C in an isopropylated triphenyl phosphate solvent at 70 mmHg with distillation of phenol gave an 87% yield of bis(pentaerythritol phosphate) carbonate 155 (eq 44).…”

Carbonic Esters

“…Nucleophilic substances are alkylated by DMC with CO 2 elimination. These substances include phenols, thiols [9], [540][541][542][543][544][545][546][547][548], amines [8], [549], [550], amides and urethanes [551], [552], alcohols [553][554][555], even if these contain trialkylamino groups (i.e., usually, under similar conditions, the trialkylamino groups are quaternized and/or split off, but not in this case) [556], [557], and carboxylic acids and their anhydrides [558][559][560][561][562]. In all cases, the corresponding carbonates are produced, often as isolable intermediates, which split off CO 2 under more extreme conditions.…”