Dashuigou Tellurium Deposit in Sichuan Province, China: S, C, O, and H Isotope Data and Their Implications on Hydrothermal Mineralization

Mao, Jingwen; Wang, Yitian; Ding, Tao; Chen, Yu-Chuan; Wei, Jiaxiu; Yin, Jianzhao

doi:10.1111/j.1751-3928.2002.tb00113.x

Cited by 44 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…On the whole, the δ 34 S values of five minerals are close to each other. There is a possibility that the δ 34 SΣ S values in the hydrothermal fluids derived either from the mantle or from mantle‐related magmas that were slightly modified by sulfur in sedimentary rocks during its ascent from the depth (Mao et al , 2002a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geology and Metallogenesis of the Sawayaerdun Gold Deposit in the Southwestern Tianshan Mountains, Xinjiang, China

et al. 2007

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The Sawayaerdun gold deposit, located in Wuqia County, Southwest Tianshan, China, occurs in Upper Silurian and Lower Devonian low-grade metamorphic carbonaceous turbidites. The orebodies are controlled by a series of NE-NNE-trending, brittle -ductile shear zones. Twenty-four gold mineralized zones have been recognized in the Sawayaerdun ore deposit. Among these, the up to 4-km-long and 200-m wide No. IV mineralized zone is economically the most important. The average gold grade is 1 -6 g/t. Gold reserves of the Sawayaerdun deposit have been identifi ed at approximately 37 tonnes and an inferred resource of 123 tonnes. Hydrothermal alteration is characterized by silicifi cation, pyritization, arsenopyritization, sericitization, carbonatization and chloritization. On the basis of fi eld evidence and petrographic analysis, fi ve stages of vein emplacement and hydrothermal mineralization can be distinguished: stage 1, early quartz stage, characterized by the occurrence of quartz veins; stage 2, arsenopyrite -pyrite -quartz stage, characterized by the formation of auriferous quartz veinlets and stockworks; stage 3, polymetallic sulfi de quartz stage, characterized by the presence of auriferous polymetallic sulfi de quartz veinlets and stockworks; stage 4, antimony -quartz stage, characterized by the formation of stibnite -jamesonite quartz veins; and stage 5, quartz -carbonate vein stage. Stages 2 and 3 represent the main gold mineralization, with stage 4 representing a major antimony mineralization episode in the Sawayaerdun deposit. Two types of fl uid inclusion, namely H 2 O -NaCl and H 2 O -CO 2 -NaCl types, have been recognized in quartz and calcite. Aqueous inclusions show a wide range of homogenization temperatures from 125 to 340°C, and can be correlated with the mineralization stage during which the inclusions formed. Similarly, salinities and densities of these fl uids range for each stage of mineralization from 2.57 to 22 equivalent wt% NaCl and 0.76 to 1.05 g/cm 3 , respectively. The ore-forming fl uids thus are representative of a medium-to low-temperature, lowto medium-salinity H 2 O -NaCl -CO 2 -CH 4 -N 2 system. The ␦ 34 S CDT values of sulfi des associated with mineralization fall into a narrow range of −3.0 to +2.6 ‰ with a mean of +0.1 ‰ . The ␦ 13 C PDB values of dolomite and siderite from the Sawayaerdun gold deposit range from −5.4 to −0.6 ‰ , possibly refl ecting derivation of the carbonate carbon from a mixed magmatic/sedimentary source. Changes in physico-chemical conditions and composition of the hydrothermal fl uids, water -rock exchange and immiscibility of hydrothermal fl uids are inferred to have played important roles in the ore-forming process of the Sawayaerdun gold -antimony deposit.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geology and Metallogenesis of the Sawayaerdun Gold Deposit in the Southwestern Tianshan Mountains, Xinjiang, China

et al. 2007

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“…δ 13 C PDB versus δ 18 O SMOW diagrams for calcites, dolomites, and inclusions in sphalerite from typical deposits in the Sichuan‐Yunnan‐Guizhou triangle area (modified from Mao et al, , and Liu et al, )…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the H-O isotopic compositions of ore-forming fluids of some Pb-Zn deposits are consistent with that of magmatic water (e.g., the Huize deposit; Figure 3), which is considered as evidence for the involvement of magmatic fluids in the ore-forming process , magmatic activity did not occur in these Pb-Zn deposits during the ore-forming stages. In fact, the hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions of the basinal brines, derived from meteoric water, could have been modified to that of magmatic water by reaction with the country rocks, which generally have large positive FIGURE 2 δ 13 C PDB versus δ 18 O SMOW diagrams for calcites, dolomites, and inclusions in sphalerite from typical deposits in the Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou triangle area (modified from Mao et al, 2002, andLiu et al, 2004) (Kesler et al, 1997). Therefore, the samples plotting in the field of magmatic water do not necessarily indicate the involvement of magmatic-related fluids for Pb-Zn mineralization at these deposits.…”

Section: Possible Sources and Evolution Of H 2 Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Sources of ore‐forming material for Pb‐Zn deposits in the Sichuan‐Yunnan‐Guizhou triangle area: Multiple constraints from C‐H‐O‐S‐Pb‐Sr isotopic compositions

Kong

Liang

et al. 2017

Geological Journal

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The Sichuan‐Yunnan‐Guizhou Pb‐Zn triangle area is located in the western margin of the Yangtze Block and comprises more than 400 ore deposits or prospects. This triangular area contains 200 million tons of ores at average grades of 5 wt.% Pb and 10 wt.% Zn. The Pb‐Zn ore bodies are mainly distributed as stratoid and vein types within the Neoproterozoic to Permian carbonate rocks, which are typical epigenetic Pb‐Zn mineralizations. Previous studies have mainly focused on individual deposits. In this study, the compositions of C‐H‐O‐S‐Pb‐Sr isotopes of approximately 20 typical deposits are summarized and studied in detail to reveal the source of the ore‐forming material. δ13CPDB ‐ δ18OSMOW isotopic compositions of the hydrothermal calcite, dolomite, and fluid inclusions show that CO2 in the ore‐forming fluids could have been derived from marine carbonate with subordinate incorporation of organic matter. In addition, δDH2O ‐ δ18OH2O isotopic studies also indicate the multisource features of the ore‐forming fluids, for example, meteoric water and metamorphic water; meanwhile, some deposits are related to organic fluids. The δ34S values of most sulphide minerals range from +9.0‰ to +28.6‰, similar to late Neoproterozoic to Permian seawater sulphate (+8.0‰ to +38.7‰). This similarity suggests that the reduced sulphur in sulphides could have been mainly derived from the thermochemical sulphate reduction of the host strata seawater sulphate. In addition, thermal decomposition of sulphur‐bearing organic matter could have provided some of the reduced sulphur for mineralization in some Pb‐Zn deposits. The Pb isotopic compositions of the sulphides from most deposits are totally homogeneous and located between the crustal Pb and orogenic Pb evolution curves. Comparing these deposits with the regional basement rocks, sedimentary strata, and Permian Emeishan basalts, we propose that the metals for Pb‐Zn mineralization were mainly derived from the basement rocks and sedimentary country rocks. For some deposits (e.g., Jinshachang) with highly radiogenic Pb isotopic compositions, their Pb mainly originated from Precambrian basement carbonaceous slate and Lower Cambrian shales. The (87Sr/86Sr)t ratios of sphalerite, hydrothermal calcite, and fluorite range from 0.7099 to 0.7469, higher than those of the regional sediments and the Emeishan basalts, but lower than those of the Proterozoic basement rocks. Such features also indicate the mixing source for Sr in sulphides and ore‐forming fluids. The comprehensive study of multiple C‐H‐O‐S‐Pb‐Sr isotopes from typical deposits suggests mixed sources for the ore‐forming fluids and materials in this triangular area.

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“…The isotope analyses were carried out on the MAT 251 EM. The analyzing process was described in detail by Mao et al (2002). Taking the CDT as standard, the accuracy of analyses is ±0.2 per mil.…”

Section: Sulfur Isotopesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The analysis Zou and Huang (1988). accuracy is ±0.2 per mil. The analyzing process was described in detail by Mao et al (2002).…”

Section: Oxygen Isotopesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geology and Genesis of the Ta'ergou Skarn ‐ Quartz Vein Tungsten Deposit in the North Qilian Caledonian Orogenic Belt, Northwest China

Zhang¹,

Mao²,

Yang³

et al. 2003

Resource Geology

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Abstract:The Ta'ergou tungsten deposit in Gansu province, northwestern China, is located in the western part of the North Qilian Caledonian orogen, and consists of scheelite skarn bodies and wolframite quartz veins. The tungsten-bearing skarn developed by the replacement of carbonate layers intercalated in the Precambrian schist and amphibolite whereas wolframite-quartz ore veins developed along a group of fractures that cut through horizontal skarns. The Ta'ergou tungsten deposit is genetically related to the Caledonian Yeniutan granodiorite intrusion and occurs ca. 500 m wide in the exo-contact zone 300 ~ 500 m apart from the intrusion. The granodiorite displays a lower grade of differentiation, low content of SiO 2 and high contents of mafic components.There are three types of fluid inclusions in the wolframite-quartz vein systems, i. e. aqueous, CO 2 -H 2 O and CO 2 -rich. The homogenization temperature of aqueous inclusion ranges from 140 to 380°C and their salinities from 6.4 to 17.4 equivalent wt% NaCl. Laser Raman spectroscopy shows that the inclusions contain a relatively high content of CO 2 . The δ 34 S values of skarn type sulfides range from +8.1 to +12.7 per mil and those of quartz vein sulfides from +9.3 to +14.9 per mil, similar to sulfides of the granodiorite with from +6.0 to +11.7 per mil. The δ 18 O values of quartz are between +10.5 and +13.3 per mil and those of wolframite between +3.4 and +5.1 per mil. The δ 18 O water values of ore forming fluids range from +0.6 to +6.4 per mil and suggest the mixture of magmatic fluids with meteoric water formed the ore-forming fluids.It has been proved that Precambrian strata in the west sector of North Qilian region are enriched in tungsten. We propose the strata were remelted to be tungsten-granitoid during subduction. The polymetallic tungsten was gradually accumulated into the roof pendants of the granite intrusion by fractional crystallization and then was deposited by hydrothermal fluids during metasomatism and infilling along fractures. On the other hand, the granite intrusion also acted as "heating machine" to make hydrothermal fluids leach out the metals from Precambrian strata and these metals joined the ore-forming hydrothermal system.

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Dashuigou Tellurium Deposit in Sichuan Province, China: S, C, O, and H Isotope Data and Their Implications on Hydrothermal Mineralization

Cited by 44 publications

References 20 publications

Geology and Metallogenesis of the Sawayaerdun Gold Deposit in the Southwestern Tianshan Mountains, Xinjiang, China

Geology and Metallogenesis of the Sawayaerdun Gold Deposit in the Southwestern Tianshan Mountains, Xinjiang, China

Sources of ore‐forming material for Pb‐Zn deposits in the Sichuan‐Yunnan‐Guizhou triangle area: Multiple constraints from C‐H‐O‐S‐Pb‐Sr isotopic compositions

Geology and Genesis of the Ta'ergou Skarn ‐ Quartz Vein Tungsten Deposit in the North Qilian Caledonian Orogenic Belt, Northwest China

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