The rapid development of science and technology has brought society into the era of digital intelligence, which not only changes people’s way of production and life but also brings unprecedented changes to practical courses such as career planning for college students. The study constructs a model of factors influencing college students’ career planning based on relevant theories of college students’ career planning education. After the correlation analysis and regression analysis of the career planning ability and the factors, as well as the difference analysis of the career planning ability of college students, the model of career planning education for college students based on SWOT analysis is proposed. There are significant correlations between family care support, career lectures, mentoring behavior, career information acquisition, and career planning ability (p-value is less than 0.005). The four independent variables have an impact coefficient of 0.186, 0.010, 0.092, and 0.291 on the career planning abilities of college students. P-value of significance of gender, major, age, and career counseling experience on each dimension of college students’ career planning is less than 0.05, and there is a significant difference between college students’ career planning ability in gender, major, age, and career counseling experience.