Data-Augmentation Based CBAM-ResNet-GCN Method for Unbalance Fault Diagnosis of Rotating Machinery

Abstract

In practical engineering scenarios, machines are seldom in a faulty operating state, so it is difficult to get enough available sample data to train the fault diagnosis model, leading to the problem of the small and unbalanced number of rotating machinery fault samples and low fault diagnosis accuracy. To solve this problem, this paper introduces a novel approach to machinery fault diagnosis. This approach involves the integration of a Convolutional Attention Residual Network (CBAM-ResNet) with a Graph Convolutional Neural Network (GCN). Firstly, to comprehensively exploit time-domain information from one-dimensional vibration signals, this study utilize Gram Angular Field (GAF) coding to transform traits of vibration signals into two-dimensional image characteristics. The resultant two-dimensional image is then expanded by applying the Wasserstein Distance Gradient Penalty Generation Adversarial Network (WGAN-GP) to produce a representative sample image. Secondly, the image is input to CBAM-ResNet to perform focused feature extraction and construct the feature matrix. Lastly, the adjacency matrix is derived through Graph Generation Layer (GGL); subsequently, the feature matrix and adjacency matrix are utilized as inputs for the GCN. After deep feature extraction, fault feature classification is executed via Softmax. Performance tests were conducted using the Case Western Reserve University bearing dataset and the planetary gearbox dataset. The method demonstrated remarkable results, achieving an accuracy of over 99% on the unbalanced dataset and surpassing 98% in 0dB noise compared to various other models. This illustrates the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method.