Data-Driven Material Modeling with Functional Advection for 3D Printing of Materially Heterogeneous Objects

Abstract

We present a data-driven approach for the creation of high-resolution, geometrically complex, and materially heterogeneous 3D printed objects at product scale. Titled Data-driven Material Modeling (DdMM), this approach utilizes external and user-generated data sets for the evaluation of heterogeneous material distributions during slice generation, thereby enabling the production of voxel-matrices describing material distributions for bitmap-printing at the 3D printer's native voxel resolution. A bitmap-slicing framework designed to inform material property distribution in concert with slice generation is demonstrated. In contrast to existing approaches, this framework emphasizes the ability to integrate multiple geometry-based data sources to achieve high levels of control for applications in a wide variety of design scenarios. As a proof of concept, we present a case study for DdMM using functional advection, and we demonstrate how multiple data sources used by the slicing framework are implemented to control material property distributions.

Hybrid Living Materials: Digital Design and Fabrication of 3D Multimaterial Structures with Programmable Biohybrid Surfaces

“…To tailor the printer's capabilities for chemical signal printing, the printer was operated using a bitmap‐based printing or voxel printing technique. Using a recently developed data‐driven material modeling (DDMM) approach, a voxel‐based digital file of a 3D object was decoded into a set of Z ‐slices with a slice thickness being set by the native height resolution of the printer (32 µm). For each resin type, the XY ‐dimension of each Z ‐slice was represented in as a bitmap file, in which each pixel represented an individually addressable binary command for resin droplet deposition.…”

“…Here we present an HLM fabrication platform and a supporting computer‐aided design tool that unify the control of form, material, and cellular response during the creation of macroscale hybrid living objects. In this methodology, we take existing tools from the computational design and digital fabrication fields that are used to control volumetric material distributions for 3D inkjet printing and translate them into tools for the programmable control of biological behavior across the surface of 3D‐printed objects. To interface a multimaterial inkjet‐based 3D printer with cellular functionality, we employ two well‐developed biomaterial regimes: the use of diffusive chemicals for cell signaling and the use of hydrogel environments to immobilize cells across the surface of 3D structures .…”

Reversible conductivity recovery of highly sensitive flexible devices by water vapor

“…Custom translation patterns were realized by editing G-code using the Mach3 motion control software. The printed freestanding PCL networks were subsequently coated with gold with different thickness (10,20,30,40,50,60, and 80 nm) by a sputter coater (EM SCD500, Leica, Germany). For comparison, Au films were also prepared by Au sputtering on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates with the same conditions.…”

“…The optical transmission spectrum was measured by a Multilabel Reader (PerkinElmer 2030, USA). The transparency is defined as the optical transmission (at 550 nm), which were measured for Au-coated PCL networks with different thickness (10,20,30,40,50,60, and 80 nm). The networks are fixed on the surface of a transparent plastic substrate.…”

“…Restructuring is an important concept to build a large device system which consists of different components. 10,11 Furthermore, micro-healing contributes a new method to reconstruct work packages and create a 3D configuration. 12 Another potential application for these healable materials lies in electronic artificial skins and bioelectronics, 1,13 inspired from healability as one of the key functions for human skin.…”