Data from: Three keys to the radiation of angiosperms into freezing environments

Zanne, AE; Tank, DC; Cornwell, WK; Eastman, JM; Smith, S. Parker; FitzJohn, RG; McGlinn, DJ; O'Meara, BC; Moles, AT; Reich, P. G.; Royer, DL; De, Soltis; Stevens, PF; Westoby, Matthew; Wright, I. R.; Aarssen, Lonnie W.; Bertin, RI; Calaminus, Andre; Govaerts, Rafaël; Hemmings, Frank A.; Leishman,; Oleksyn, Jacek; Soltis, PS; Swenson, NG; Warman, L. Kieffer; Beaulieu, J. F.; Ordóñez, Álvaro

doi:10.5061/dryad.63q27.2

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…This resulted in a data set of 3628 trees of 61 species (36 hardwoods and 25 softwoods) (Table 1 ). Additionally, each tree was assigned a published value of specific gravity (SG p ) from Chave et al ( 2009 ), with the Dryad data package from Zanne et al ( 2014 ). The latter was to determine whether a published value could be substituted for measured values of SG calculated from samples taken at breast height (as suggested by MacFarlane, 2015 ), which would be impractical to obtain for every tree in the US NFI.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing a generalized leaf mass estimation method for diverse tree species and climates of the continental United States

Dettmann

MacFarlane

Radtke

et al. 2022

Ecological Applications

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Estimating tree leaf biomass can be challenging in applications where predictions for multiple tree species is required. This is especially evident where there is limited or no data available for some of the species of interest. Here we use an extensive national database of observations (61 species, 3628 trees) and formulate models of varying complexity, ranging from a simple model with diameter at breast height (DBH) as the only predictor to more complex models with up to 8 predictors (DBH, leaf longevity, live crown ratio, wood specific gravity, shade tolerance, mean annual temperature, and mean annual precipitation), to estimate tree leaf biomass for any species across the continental United States. The most complex with all eight predictors was the best and explained 74%-86% of the variation in leaf mass. Consideration was given to the difficulty of measuring all of these predictor variables for model application, but many are easily obtained or already widely collected. Because most of the model variables are independent of species and key species-level variables are available from published values, our results show that leaf biomass can be estimated for new species not included in the data used to fit the model. The latter assertion was evaluated using a novel "leave-one-species-out" crossvalidation approach, which showed that our chosen model performs similarly for species used to calibrate the model, as well as those not used to develop it. The models exhibited a strong bias toward overestimation for a relatively small subset of the trees. Despite these limitations, the models presented here can provide leaf biomass estimates for multiple species over large spatial scales and can be applied to new species or species with limited leaf biomass data available.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing a generalized leaf mass estimation method for diverse tree species and climates of the continental United States

Dettmann

MacFarlane

Radtke

et al. 2022

Ecological Applications

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“…To account for phylogenetic uncertainty because of limited phylogenetic resolution and branch length variation, we further generated 100 dated phylogenetic topologies from the 100bootstrap set of species level time-scaled MLE trees deposited by Zanne et al (2014b) in the Dryad database 3 by following a procedure similar to that outlined above. All subsequent analyses were run and averaged across all 101 trees, which includes one maximum clade credibility tree and the 100-bootstrap set of time-scaled MLE trees.…”

Section: Generation Of Family Level Dated Phylogenetic Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Evolution of Placentation in Flowering Plants: A Possible Role for Kin Selection

Shivaprakash¹,

Bawa²

2022

Front. Ecol. Evol.

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Placentation refers to the mode of ovule attachment on the wall of the ovary. In multiovulate ovaries, placentation influences interactions among developing seeds with varying degrees of kinships. Placentation is a taxonomically informative character in flowering plants, yet little has been written about the origin and evolutionary trends of various placentation types in flowering plants since Puri’s and Stebbins’ work, over six decades and almost four decades ago, respectively. More recently, some authors have written about the evolution of placentation in certain groups, but an overall perspective for angiosperms is lacking. For 421 families of angiosperms, we collected data on placentation types and ovule number, and analyzed the data in the phylogenetic context using recent comprehensive phylogeny of angiosperms to test the hypotheses on the evolution of various placentation types and their association with ovule number. The distribution of placentation types across flowering plants suggests that axile placentation, followed by parietal and basal placentation, occurs more frequently than laminar and free central placentation that are very rare. Our results are more consistent with evolutionary trends proposed by Puri than by Stebbins and suggest that marginal placentation is the ancestral and most primitive placentation type, while axile is the most advanced. Placentation types show strong association with ovule number. Finally, our results on ovule number and placentation types indicate that most angiosperms may fall into two categories: one with one or few ovule(s) and basal placentation, and another with many ovules and parietal and axile placentation. Kin selection within ovaries may play a role in explaining the observed patterns. Overall, our results provide new insights into the evolution of placentation, particularly into the drivers underlying the diversification of various placentation types.

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Three keys to the radiation of angiosperms into freezing environments

Zanne

Tank

Cornwell

et al. 2013

Nature

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1,426

1,488

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Early flowering plants are thought to have been woody species restricted to warm habitats. This lineage has since radiated into almost every climate, with manifold growth forms. As angiosperms spread and climate changed, they evolved mechanisms to cope with episodic freezing. To explore the evolution of traits underpinning the ability to persist in freezing conditions, we assembled a large species-level database of growth habit (woody or herbaceous; 49,064 species), as well as leaf phenology (evergreen or deciduous), diameter of hydraulic conduits (that is, xylem vessels and tracheids) and climate occupancies (exposure to freezing). To model the evolution of species' traits and climate occupancies, we combined these data with an unparalleled dated molecular phylogeny (32,223 species) for land plants. Here we show that woody clades successfully moved into freezing-prone environments by either possessing transport networks of small safe conduits and/or shutting down hydraulic function by dropping leaves during freezing. Herbaceous species largely avoided freezing periods by senescing cheaply constructed aboveground tissue. Growth habit has long been considered labile, but we find that growth habit was less labile than climate occupancy. Additionally, freezing environments were largely filled by lineages that had already become herbs or, when remaining woody, already had small conduits (that is, the trait evolved before the climate occupancy). By contrast, most deciduous woody lineages had an evolutionary shift to seasonally shedding their leaves only after exposure to freezing (that is, the climate occupancy evolved before the trait). For angiosperms to inhabit novel cold environments they had to gain new structural and functional trait solutions; our results suggest that many of these solutions were probably acquired before their foray into the cold.

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Data from: Three keys to the radiation of angiosperms into freezing environments

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Testing a generalized leaf mass estimation method for diverse tree species and climates of the continental United States

Testing a generalized leaf mass estimation method for diverse tree species and climates of the continental United States

The Evolution of Placentation in Flowering Plants: A Possible Role for Kin Selection

Three keys to the radiation of angiosperms into freezing environments

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