Data Fusion of Electronic Nose and Electronic Tongue for Detection of Mixed Edible-Oil

Abstract

For the problem of the waste of the edible-oil in the food processing, on the premise of food security, they often need to add new edible-oil to the old frying oil which had been used in food processing to control the cost of the production. Due to the fact that the different additive proportion of the oil has different material and different volatile gases, we use fusion technology based on the electronic nose and electronic tongue to detect the blending ratio of the old frying oil and the new edible-oil in this paper. Principal component analysis (PCA) is used to distinguish the different proportion of the old frying oil and new edible-oil; on the other hand we use partial least squares (PLS) to predict the blending ratio of the old frying oil and new edible-oil. Two conclusions were proposed: data fusion of electronic nose and electronic tongue can be used to detect the blending ratio of the old frying oil and new edible-oil; in contrast to single used electronic nose or single used electronic tongue, the detection effect has increased by using data fusion of electronic nose and electronic tongue.

Flower-like hierarchical structures consisting of porous single-crystalline ZnO nanosheets and their gas sensing properties to volatile organic compounds (VOCs)

“…Metal oxide gas sensors have been widely used in portable systems for gas or VOC detection because of their advantages such as low cost, easy production, compact size and simple measuring electronics [2][3][4][5]. However, the performances of such sensors are significantly influenced by the morphology and structure of the sensing materials, resulting in a great obstacle for gas sensors based on bulk materials or dense films to achieve highly-sensitive properties.…”

Ag-decorated ultra-thin porous single-crystalline ZnO nanosheets prepared by sunlight induced solvent reduction and their highly sensitive detection of ethanol

“…Metal oxide gas sensors have been extensively exploited because of their advantages including compact size, easy production, low cost and simple measuring electronics [1][2][3][4]. However, the detection limits of traditional metal oxide gas sensors can only reach ppm level [5,6].…”

Design and Real-Time Implementation of a 3-Stage CnW Heading System on an Ubuntu Linux-Embedded Board

“…Sensor data fusion is integral in deriving better and more accurate data from varied sources such as Global Navigation Satellite System-(GNSS-) Global Positioning System (GPS) [1], cellular handoff [2], electronic nose/electronic tongue [3], webcam [4], radar, smartphone [5], StarGazer [6], and a host of other sensors (compass, inertial measurement, pressure, accelerometer, gyroscope, wheel speed, lateral acceleration, steering wheel angle, tilt, microwave, ultrasonic, vision, altimeter, etc. ).…”

“…Sensor fusion is utilized in food industry such as in improving the dependability of quality assessment and verification of food and beverages [32]. It has also been utilized for identifying the blending ratio between old frying oil and the new edible oil to control production cost [3]. It has even been successfully applied in real-time recognition of human action [33] as well as recognizing the activity of daily living (ADL) in helping indicate one's capability for quality living and health status [5].…”