Data hiding in binary image for authentication and annotation

Abstract

This paper proposes a new method to embed data in binary images, including scanned text, figures, and signatures. The method manipulates "flippable" pixels to enforce specific blockbased relationship in order to embed a significant amount of data without causing noticeable artifacts. Shuffling is applied before embedding to equalize the uneven embedding capacity from region to region. The hidden data can be extracted without using the original image, and can also be accurately extracted after high quality printing and scanning with the help of a few registration marks. The proposed data embedding method can be used to detect unauthorized use of a digitized signature, and annotate or authenticate binary documents. The paper also presents analysis and discussions on robustness and security issues.

Hop Horse-Image Authentication Scheme

“…In [12], authors used LSBs by inversing the binary values of the watermark text and shifting the watermark according to the odd or even number of pixel coordinates of image before embedding the watermark, achieving PSNR of 48 dB. The proposed works in [13][14][15], embed cryptographic signatures into specified flipping pixels. Changes applied to these pixels are applied under the condition that "changes should not destroy the connectivity between pixels, and no isolated corner pixels are created.…”

A Review of Medical Image Watermarking Requirements for Teleradiology

“…A digital medical image application is therefore one of the prospective target areas of using digital watermarking. Studies show that various watermarking schemes can be used in teleradiology for (1) origin/content authentication [9,13,41,107,[113][114][115][116][117][118][119], (2) EPR annotation [57,65,88,[120][121][122], and (3) tamper detection and recovery of medical images [8,14,59,123,124]. Some important aspects of medical image watermarking schemes for their different objectives are summarized below.…”

Data Hiding for Binary Documents Robust to Print-Scan, Photocopy and Geometric Distortions

“…Block-wise: Divide the cover image into blocks and modify some characteristic of each block to hide the data. Some papers suggest changing the parity or the quantization step of the number of black pixels in each block [7,8]. Others suggest flipping one specific pixel in the block with m pixels to insert ⎣ ⎦ ) 1 ( log 2 + m bits [9,10].…”

“…Wu and Liu proposed a block-wise data hiding that can be applied for printed binary images in some specific scenarios [7]. However, this approach requires exceptionally high quality printing and scanning.…”