Data Link Layer Considerations for Future 100 Gbps Terahertz Band Transceivers

Lopacinski, Lukasz; Brzozowski, Marcin; Kraemer, Rolf

doi:10.1155/2017/3560521

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…An efficient transceiver is required to deal with different MAC functionalities ranging from framing, synchronization, error control, scheduling and buffering. Authors in [159], demonstrate that it is possible to optimize transceiver architecture to bear high data rate reaching 100Gbps using parallelism and optimized memory usage along with frame length and error control techniques. Using efficient processing technique at the transceiver and sufficient memory size, it is possible to implement MAC protocols dealing with fast channel access, efficient scheduling technique and multi traffic communication 5) Link establishment, neighbor discovery and deafness problem: Before any communication starts, an establishment phase should be initiated.…”

Section: General Challenges and Future Research Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

MAC Protocols for Terahertz Communication: A Comprehensive Survey

Ghafoor¹,

Boujnah²,

Rehmani³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Terahertz communication is emerging as a future technology to support Terabits per second link with highlighting features as high throughput and negligible latency. However, the unique features of the Terahertz band such as high path loss, scattering and reflection pose new challenges and results in short communication distance. The antenna directionality, in turn, is required to enhance the communication distance and to overcome the high path loss. However, these features in combine negate the use of traditional Medium access protocols. Therefore novel MAC protocol designs are required to fully exploit their potential benefits including efficient channel access, control message exchange, link establishment, mobility management, and line-of-sight blockage mitigation. An in-depth survey of Terahertz MAC protocols is presented in this paper. The paper highlights the key features of the Terahertz band which should be considered while designing an efficient Terahertz MAC protocol, and the decisions which if taken at Terahertz MAC layer can enhance the network performance. Different Terahertz applications at macro and nano scales are highlighted with design requirements for their MAC protocols. The MAC protocol design issues and considerations are highlighted. Further, the existing MAC protocols are also classified based on network topology, channel access mechanisms, and link establishment strategies as Transmitter and Receiver initiated communication. The open challenges and future research directions on Terahertz MAC protocols are also highlighted.

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Section: General Challenges and Future Research Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

MAC Protocols for Terahertz Communication: A Comprehensive Survey

Ghafoor¹,

Boujnah²,

Rehmani³

et al. 2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Each 1kB-framefragment is protected by an individual cyclic redundancy check (CRC) code. Secondly, it uses interleaved Reed-Solomon (RS) FEC codes [28] and supports hybrid automatic repeat request-I (HARQ-I) scheme with selective fragment retransmissions [9]. Thirdly, it reduces the overhead of HARQ-I by a dedicated link adaptation algorithm [29] and an acknowledge compression scheme [28].…”

Section: A Supported Functionalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where P is the probability of error-free data delivery after r retransmissions, b is the bit error rate, and l is the data size in bits. More details on the data fragmentation can be found in [9], [10], [28], [41].…”

Section: E Data Fragmentation and Selective Fragment Repetitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Data Link Layer Processor for 100 Gbps Terahertz Wireless Communications in 28 nm CMOS Technology

et al. 2019

Self Cite

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In this paper, we show our 165 Gbps data link layer processor for wireless communication in the terahertz band. The design utilizes interleaved Reed-Solomon codes with dedicated link adaptation, fragmentation, aggregation, and hybrid-automatic-repeat-request. The main advantage is the low-chip area required to fabricate the processor, which is at least two times lower than the area of low-density paritycheck decoders. Surprisingly, our solution loses only ∼1 dB gain when compared to high-speed low-density parity-check decoders. Moreover, with only 2.38 pJ/bit of energy consumption at 0.8 V, one of the best results in the class of comparable implementations has been achieved. Alongside, we show our vision of a complete 100 Gbps wireless transceiver, including radio frequency frontend and baseband processing. For the baseband realization, we propose a parallel sequence spread spectrum and channel combining at the baseband level. Challenges to high-speed wireless transmission at the terahertz band are addressed as well. To the authors' best knowledge, it is one of the first data link layer implementations that deal with a data rate of ≥ 100 Gbps. INDEX TERMS 100 Gbps wireless, terahertz communication, Reed-Solomon coding, data link layer. The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Khursheed Aurangzeb. FIGURE 1. Discussed wireless radio-transceiver system. and baseband implementations. Fig. 1 depicts the architecture of the discussed wireless radio-transceiver. A. CHALLENGES TO HIGH-SPEED WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS Ultra-high speed wireless systems require either very high bandwidth or very high bandwidth efficiency. In cellular architectures like LTE or 5G high bandwidth efficiency is in the focus. This is due to the limited bandwidth in the available radio bands. Increasing the bandwidth efficiency requires a corresponding increase in signal processing power

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“…Although the rate of this growth is tough to determine, it can be predicted through the utilisation of developed forecasting models. These forecasting models provide an indication concerning mobile data growth and the required spectrum needed for the future [45]. Therefore, forecasting MBB Data Traffic Growth and the required licensed MBB spectrum will yield a valuable perception of the general trends in MBB growth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectrum Gap Analysis With Practical Solutions for Future Mobile Data Traffic Growth in Malaysia

et al. 2019

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In this paper, an efficient spectrum forecasting model is developed to estimate the required spectrum and calculate the spectrum gap in future. This developed model is essentially based on five main metrics and one constant. The five main metrics are the currently available spectrum, sites number growth, data traffic growth, average network utilization, and spectrum efficiency growth. The constant metric is considered to give a space for our model to be used in another country or when a new technology is coming. This developed model is then used to forecast the required spectrum and spectrum gap for Malaysia in 2020. The estimation is performed based on the input market data of four main mobile telecommunication operators in Malaysia: Maxis, Celcom, Digi, and U-Mobile. The input data for this model are collected from various sources, such as the Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission, OpenSignal, Analysys Mason, GSMA, and HUAWEI. The results indicate that by 2020, Malaysia will require around 307 MHz of additional spectrum to fulfill the enormous increase of mobile data demands. Addressing this increment can be achieved by launching additional spectrum bands, enhancing spectrum efficiency, offloading mobile data to unlicensed bands or deploying more site numbers. INDEX TERMS Mathematical forecasting spectrum model, forecasting required spectrum, spectrum gap, Malaysia's spectrum in future.

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Data Link Layer Considerations for Future 100 Gbps Terahertz Band Transceivers

Cited by 11 publications

References 21 publications

MAC Protocols for Terahertz Communication: A Comprehensive Survey

MAC Protocols for Terahertz Communication: A Comprehensive Survey

Data Link Layer Processor for 100 Gbps Terahertz Wireless Communications in 28 nm CMOS Technology

Spectrum Gap Analysis With Practical Solutions for Future Mobile Data Traffic Growth in Malaysia

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