Data on formaldehyde sources, formaldehyde concentrations and air exchange rates in European housings

Salthammer, Tunga

doi:10.1016/j.dib.2018.11.096

Cited by 47 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 87 publications

(66 reference statements)

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“…Formaldehyde is an ubiquitous air pollutant emitted from a great number of indoor sources including wood products, textiles, paints, etc. ; the average concentration in European households is around 20-30 µg/ m³ [20]. Formaldehyde (H 2 CO) can be oxidised to formic acid (HCOOH), can therefore be seen as its precursor.…”

Section: Formaldehydementioning

confidence: 99%

The formation of formates: a review of metal formates on heritage objects

Eggert

Fischer

2021

Herit Sci

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Metal formates sometimes occur as degradation products on heritage objects due to the use of wood products or other sources of formic acid and formaldehyde. They are often related to alkaline surfaces which transform formaldehyde directly into formate. The dominant role of formate on alkaline surfaces, for example in glass-induced metal corrosion (GIM) or calcium carbonate degradation, was explored in the Stuttgart research on rare heritage corrosion products. This review discusses these findings together with those from the literature: ocurrences of sodium and potassium formate on glass, calcium formate and calcium acetate-formate phases on calcareous materials, magnesium formate on Sorel cement and dolomitic sandstone, lead formate on metal and pigments, cadmium formate on coated objects, as well as various copper and zinc formates on copper alloys. In the latter cases, formates dominate as glass-induced metal corrosion products. The formation of formates constitutes irreversible damage, degrading the material of heritage objects. Therefore, preventive conservation needs to remove all sources of carbonyl pollutants in order to avoid such corrosion.

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Section: Formaldehydementioning

confidence: 99%

The formation of formates: a review of metal formates on heritage objects

Eggert

Fischer

2021

Herit Sci

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“…It was supposed that formaldehyde is emitted from the wooden furniture comprising the beds, bedside tables and desk. The emission rate of formaldehyde from furniture was considered equal to 0.01 mg/(m 2 h) as suggested in [23], with total emitting area equal to 5.84 m 2 .…”

Section: Transport Model For Gaseous Contaminantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Study on Indoor Environmental Quality in a Room Equipped with a Combined HRV and Radiator System

Jahanbin

Semprini

2020

Sustainability

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Heat recovery ventilation (HRV) systems can be integrated with an additional air heater in buildings with low energy demand in order to cover space heating demand. The employment of coupled HRV-heater systems is, therefore, gaining increasing interest for the improvement of the indoor environmental quality (IEQ), as well as the reduction of ventilation energy loss. The present paper analyses the efficacy of a HRV system, coupled with a low-temperature radiator, in satisfying the IEQ indices inside a retrofitted dormitory room. A computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model based on the finite volume method is established to investigate IEQ characteristics including indoor air quality and thermal comfort condition. The presented CFD code provides a practical tool for a comprehensive investigation of the IEQ indices in spaces employing a coupled HVAC system. In an analysis of indoor air quality, parameters such as age of the air, air change efficiency, and ventilation efficiency in removal of gaseous contaminants, namely VOCs and CO2, are evaluated. The results obtained by the numerical model allow addressing the interaction between HRV and radiator systems and its effects on airflow field. The results show the decrease of the indoor operative temperature with increment of the supply air flow rate, which is mainly due to the decreased thermal efficiency of the HRV system. The obtained results indicate that, while higher ventilation rates can significantly decrease the age of the air and gaseous contaminants level, at the same time, it would cause a local discomfort in some parts of the room.

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“…In the following years, great efforts were made to reduce the formaldehyde sources and lower indoor air concentrations were measured, with a maximum of 68.9 µg/m 3 during 2003-2006, for example [8]. A recent statistical review analysis from 2019 indicates that average concentrations of formaldehyde are within the range of 20-30 µg/m 3 for European households under typical residential conditions [9]. Wood-based materials made of urea-formaldehyde resins may emit high formaldehyde concentrations [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formaldehyde Emissions from Wooden Toys: Comparison of Different Measurement Methods and Assessment of Exposure

et al. 2021

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Formaldehyde is considered as carcinogenic and is emitted from particleboards and plywood used in toy manufacturing. Currently, the flask method is frequently used in Europe for market surveillance purposes to assess formaldehyde release from toys, but its concordance to levels measured in emission test chambers is poor. Surveillance laboratories are unable to afford laborious and expensive emission chamber testing to comply with a new amendment of the European Toy Directive; they need an alternative method that can provide reliable results. Therefore, the application of miniaturised emission test chambers was tested. Comparisons between a 1 m3 emission test chamber and 44 mL microchambers with two particleboards over 28 days and between a 24 L desiccator chamber and the microchambers with three puzzle samples over 10 days resulted in a correlation coefficient r2 of 0.834 for formaldehyde at steady state. The correlation between the results obtained in microchambers vs. flask showed a high variability over 10 samples (r2: 0.145), thereby demonstrating the error-proneness of the flask method in comparison to methods carried out under ambient parameters. An exposure assessment was also performed for three toy puzzles: indoor formaldehyde concentrations caused by puzzles were not negligible (up to 8 µg/m3), especially when more conservative exposure scenarios were considered.

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Data on formaldehyde sources, formaldehyde concentrations and air exchange rates in European housings

Cited by 47 publications

References 87 publications

The formation of formates: a review of metal formates on heritage objects

The formation of formates: a review of metal formates on heritage objects

Numerical Study on Indoor Environmental Quality in a Room Equipped with a Combined HRV and Radiator System

Formaldehyde Emissions from Wooden Toys: Comparison of Different Measurement Methods and Assessment of Exposure

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