In the context of quantum tomography, we recently introduced a quantity called a partial determinant [1]. PDs (partial determinants) are explicit functions of the collected data which are sensitive to the presence of state-preparation-and-measurment (SPAM) correlated errors. As such, PDs bypass the need to estimate state-preparation or measurement parameters individually. In the present work, we suggest a theoretical perspective for the PD. We show that the PD is a holonomy and that the notions of state, measurement, and tomography can be generalized to non-holonomic constraints. To illustrate and clarify these abstract concepts, direct analogies are made to parallel transport, thermodynamics, and gauge field theory. This paper is the first of a two part series where the second paper[2] is about scalable generalizations of the PD in multiqudit systems, with possible applications for debugging a quantum computer.