Data preprocessing enhances the classification of different brands of Espresso coffee with an electronic nose

Sensors: From biosensors to the electronic nose

“…The electronic nose produces a tri-dimensional (n, k, t) output matrix, Shurmer and Gardner, 1992;Wilson et al 2000;Pearce et al 1993Guadarrama et al 2001Di Natale et al 2000Braggins et al 1999Vernat-Rossi 1996Luzuriaga and Balaban 1999Winquist et al 1990Bazemore et al 1997;Hines et al 1999;Sinesio et al 2000Aishima, 1991Singh et al 1996;Gardner et al 1992;Pardo et al 2000bLucas et al 1998Aparicio et al 2000Stella et al 2000;Pardo et al 2000aCarrapiso et al 2001Muhl et al 2000Magan et al 2001Zondervan et al 1999Philip et al 2000Schnürer et al 1999Werlein 2001 106 Grasas y Aceites where "n" is the number of samples, "k" is the number of sensors and "t" is the number of points supplied by each sensor. Such an amount of information requires a data pre-processing step to remove redundant and irrelevant information but retaining the original information as much as possible.…”

Quality Control Through Electronic Nose System

“…In the quality control of coffee, the organoleptic characteristics are a determinant of its quality and therefore, they are significant to locating the predominant defects of coffee beans, as they negatively affect its flavor and odor (Rodriguez et al, 2010;Pardo et al, 2000).…”

Quality Control of Coffee Using an Electronic Nose System

“…The sensing system can be an array of chemical sensors where each sensor measures a different property of the sensed chemical, or it can be a single sensing device (e.g., gas chromatograph, spectrometer) that produces an array of measurements for each chemical, or it can be a hybrid of both. Each odorant or volatile compound presented to the sensor array produces a signature or characteristic pattern of the odorant [5,9,11] .…”

“…In order to develop an electronic nose, it is useful to examine the physiology behind olfaction since biological olfactory systems contain many of the desired properties for electronic noses. Also, the contrast between an artificial system and physiology is necessary to achieve a reliable, subjective and analytically acceptable system [11] .…”