“…Preprocessing plays a critical role in enhancing the performance of deep-learning-based automatic segmentation by transforming data into a format that is more readily processed [ 27 ]. The preprocessing methods proposed to enhance the performance of deep-learning-based automatic segmentation include window leveling, filtering, matching, histogram techniques [ 28 ], T1, FLAIR (skull stripping) [ 29 ], wavelet decomposition, local binary patterns [ 30 ], region of interest (ROI) selection, bias field correction, resampling methods [ 31 ], normalization [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ], and crop ROI [ 32 , 33 ].…”