Data Suggesting That COVID-19 May Have Existed in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq at the Time of the Outbreak in Wuhan Province of China

Abdullah, Hadi Mohammed; Ali, Shakhawan M.; Sabir, Dana Khdr

doi:10.5812/jkums.105758

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…The disease has infected more than 300 million people around the worldwide with approximately 5.5 million deaths (Suphanchaimat et al, 2022). In Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG), the first case of COVID-19 was reported on March 2020 in the city of Sulaymaniyah (Abdulah et al, 2021, Mohammad et al, 2021, Abdullah et al, 2020.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since then, more than 430,000 cases were confirmed, and 7,450 deaths have been reported as of 15 th May 2022 (http://gov.krd/coronavirusen/dashboard/). SARS CoV-2 is a positive single-stranded RNA virus, which has nearly a 30 kbp genome size, belonging to the Coronaviridae family (Mohammad et al, 2021, Sabir et al, 2020. Its genome is encoded for structural, nonstructural, and accessory proteins (Ciotti et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tracking SARS-CoV-2 variants in Kurdistan Region of Iraq.

2023

ZJPAS

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SARS COV-2, the etiology of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, is a positive single-stranded RNA virus which was first identified in the city of Wuhan in 2019. Since its first discovery, several variants of the virus have been reported around the world. Identifying the emerged SARS-CoV-2 variants overtime is important since this could alter the pathogenicity and transmissibility of the virus as well as the efficacy of the vaccine. Here, 34 genome sequence of SARS COV-2 samples, which were collected between Feb. 2021 to Dec. 2021 in Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRG), were compared and analyzed in the spike (S) protein region. The nucleotide sequences were collected from the GISAID database (https://gisaid.org/), and the SARS-COV-2 variants were determined based on the mutations that they carry. Additionally, the frequency of each mutation was determined in the S protein region of the isolates. Overall, 29 mutations were detected in the sequence samples; the majority (44.8%) were located in the Nterminal domain (NTD) of the protein, whereas only 10.3% located in the ribosomal binding domain (RBD). D614G was found in all sequenced strains, followed by 67.6% mutation of P681H. Moreover, seven deletions were found in the NTD of the S protein, with 61.8% of the deletions was occurred at the position Y144. Alpha variants (B.1.1.7) were found to be dominant lineage during the period of this study, accounted for 65% of the sequence samples. Overall, our data support the speedy increase of the SARS-COV-2 genome diversity. Based on our knowledge, this is the first mega sequence analyses of different SARS-COV-2 strains from KRG of Iraq.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracking SARS-CoV-2 variants in Kurdistan Region of Iraq.

2023

ZJPAS

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PTSS in COVID-19 survivors peritraumatic stress symptoms among COVID-19 survivors in Iraq

Mohammad¹,

amin²,

Mohammed³

et al. 2023

Curr Psychol

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The COVID-19 pandemic became a source of psychological distress worldwide. People infected with the disease faced the possibility of losing their lives, and due to the high number of people with the disease, hospitals were overburdened. Therefore, the situation had characteristics of a traumatic event; this is especially true in Iraq since the healthcare system is on the brink of failure, and the hospitals are a place of low-quality service. Consequently, the current study aims to explore peritraumatic stress symptoms among survivors of COVID-19 in Iraq. Moreover, group differences based on several variables and the associated factors with peritraumatic stress are also investigated. The post-traumatic stress disorder checklist for DSM-5 was used as a measurement tool. A total of 370 survivors of COVID-19 from the different governorates of Iraq participated in this study; 148 females and 22 males. 51, 70, 165, and 84 participants were aged 18–25, 26–30, 31–40, and above 40, respectively. The results revealed that 31.1% of the participants had probable PTSD since they scored above the cut-off of the score of 23. Significant differences between males and females were not found. Regarding associated factors, education level was a significant predictor (i.e., no education, primary school, secondary school, diploma, bachelor’s degree, and postgraduate degree). Compared to primary school education and no education, postgraduate education was significantly associated with probable PTSD. Furthermore, the longer duration of being infected with COVID-19 was associated with higher odds of having probable PTSD. This was one of the first studies in Iraq to explore peritraumatic stress symptoms following COVID-19 infection using standardized instruments and investigate the associated factors. The results have various implications for developing the healthcare system of Iraq and the need to have social workers and psychologists trained in psychological first aid available in the hospital to manage the patients’ distress.

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Data Suggesting That COVID-19 May Have Existed in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq at the Time of the Outbreak in Wuhan Province of China

Cited by 2 publications

References 7 publications

Tracking SARS-CoV-2 variants in Kurdistan Region of Iraq.

Tracking SARS-CoV-2 variants in Kurdistan Region of Iraq.

PTSS in COVID-19 survivors peritraumatic stress symptoms among COVID-19 survivors in Iraq

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