Dating fault activity by surface textures of quartz grains from fault gouges

Kanaori, Yuji; Miyakoshi, Katsumi; Kakuta, T.; SATAKE, Yoshinori

doi:10.1016/0013-7952(80)90018-6

Cited by 25 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Glicken et al ., ; Komorowski et al ., ), various tectonic movements (e.g. Kanaori et al ., , ; Kanaori, ) and meteoritic impact. Even stresses built up during later stages of crystallization ought to fracture quartz grains, because there is less space available for crystal growth (Sharp & Gomez, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A simple method to classify diamicts by scanning electron microscope from surface microtextures

Molén¹

2014

Sedimentology

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Interpretation of quartz sand grain surface microtextures with scanning electron microscopy has been riddled with inconsistencies, invalid assumptions and much subjectivity. Therefore, a novel classification for analysing grain surface microtextures is presented based on the origin of complete grain surfaces. This novel method has solved most of the earlier problems of interpretation of surface microtextures, and it is easy to use and to quickly find evident genetic interpretations of diamicts. The data are plotted graphically in '2-History Diagrams' or '3-History Diagrams' for quick visual inspection and statistical evaluation. Source rocks and Quaternary glacial deposits from Scandinavia and Southern Ontario, representing different ice-substrate dynamics, are analysed to define surface microtextures from typical glacigenic grains, bedrock and fluvially transported grains. Typical glacially crushed grains display large-scale fractures and abrasion. Shield bedrock grains display large or small-scale fractures and solution/precipitation microtextures. Fluvially transported grains exhibit abrasion and solution/precipitation microtextures.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A simple method to classify diamicts by scanning electron microscope from surface microtextures

Molén¹

2014

Sedimentology

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“…In Japan, however, only a few studies have estimated sediment provenance based on a variation in MQS (Mii and Fuji 1970;Okubo and Monodane 1974). Other researches have estimated fault activity using not MQS types but quartz surface relief (Kanaori et al 1980(Kanaori et al , 1985(Kanaori et al , 1991Niwa et al 2016). It is necessary to gain fresh insight regarding morphological diversity of quartz and its relationship with sedimentary history to facilitate provenance studies of tectonically active regions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the surface microtextures and morphologies of beach quartz grains in Japan and implications for provenance research

Itamiya

Sugita

Sugai

2019

Prog Earth Planet Sci

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The mineral quartz is highly resistant to weathering, and various surface microtextures are formed and preserved on quartz grains. These microtextures are considered to reflect the sedimentary history of quartz: parent rock, transportation process, and depositional environment. Thus, quartz grain surface textures have been widely studied for applications in provenance research. This study focuses on beach sediments in Japan that contain various quartz morphologies resulting from the region's complex geological and geomorphological settings. The goal of the study was to verify the morphological diversity of these quartz grains and reveal the relationship between the quartz morphological features and the sampling site in tectonically active regions. We collected beach sands from backshores in Japan and observed the 15 microtextures of the quartz surfaces using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The shapes of the quartz grains were also evaluated in terms of roundness parameters based on SEM images. Finally, the particle size distribution and mineral composition of the samples were investigated. The results indicate that quartz roundness can accurately reflect the quartz grain shape and shows a good correlation with the outline observed by SEM. Mechanical features were more frequently observed on the surface of quartz than chemical features. Results show that the coastal areas were under high-energy beach. The coastal sand quartz grains are mainly characterized by (i) v-shaped percussion cracks produced by grain-to-grain collisions in the subaqueous environment and (ii) small holes derived from small inclusion remnants. The v-shaped percussion cracks are related to the sediment source (e.g., a fluvial or marine source), and the holes on the surface are related to the geologic source of the quartz grains. The grain size and mineral composition results support the results of the surface analysis and provide clues regarding sediment provenance. Quartz surface analysis has the potential to show the morphological variation of the coastal sand and provide useful information on the transportation process and parent rock even in areas with complex geological and geomorphological settings such as Japan. The relation between the quartz morphological features and sampling site was based on previous study; however, to develop the analysis, the relation between unweathered quartz shape and parent rock must be clear.

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“…For faults that underlie sediments of known age, trenching of the fault scarp is commonly done to obtain abundant knowledge of paleoseismic records [e.g., McCalpin, 2009]. However, seismological investigations of faults found where basement rocks are exposed at the surface without sedimentary covers, as in mountainous regions, remain problematic, although several methods have been proposed [Kanaori et al, 1980;Ikeya et al, 1982;Kanaori, 1983;Fukuchi et al, 1986;Kralik et al, 1987;Zwingmann and Mancktelow, 2004].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microfractures within the fault damage zone record the history of fault activity

Mizoguchi

Ueta

2013

Geophysical Research Letters

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For faults without sedimentary covers, there is no robust method to obtain paleoseismic data that is crucial for the prediction of future damaging earthquake events. Sudden failure along faults during earthquakes induces off‐fault damage surrounding such basement faults. We showed that the Quaternary‐active fault has the damage zone characterized by a fracture density that decays exponentially with distance from the fault for both healed and open microfractures. In contrast, Quaternary‐inactive faults contain only healed microfracture damage zone. Cross‐cutting relationships between microfractures and a minimum healing temperature of ~100°C suggest that healed microfractures formed before, and at deeper levels, than did unhealed microfractures. The damage zone defined by open microfractures reflects the recent fault movement during exhumation, associated with erosion and regional uplift, from the maximum depth at which microfractures may remain unhealed. Microfracture analysis can therefore be used to examine the history of basement fault activity.

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Dating fault activity by surface textures of quartz grains from fault gouges

Cited by 25 publications

References 16 publications

A simple method to classify diamicts by scanning electron microscope from surface microtextures

A simple method to classify diamicts by scanning electron microscope from surface microtextures

Analysis of the surface microtextures and morphologies of beach quartz grains in Japan and implications for provenance research

Microfractures within the fault damage zone record the history of fault activity

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