Day and Night Temperatures, Daily Light Integral, and CO2 Enrichment Affect Growth and Flower Development of Pansy (Viola ×wittrockiana)

Niu, Genhua; Heins, Royal D.; Cameron, A. Colin; Carlson, William H.

doi:10.21273/jashs.125.4.436

Cited by 41 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Flowering time of dahlia, French marigold, and zinnia (Year 2 only) was similar among temperature treatments with the same MDT. This response reinforces the paradigm that flowering rate is a function of the MDT and, within limits, the effects of day and night temperature on progress toward flowering are equal (Niu et al, 2000;Summerfield et al, 1991). Our results are in agreement with those of Mortensen and Moe (1992), who reported no difference in flowering time of fuchsia (Fuchsia ·hybrida hort.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…These results are in agreement with Myster and Moe's (1995) findings that the relative promotion or suppression of stem elongation is influenced by the magnitude of DIF. Similar effects of DIF on plant height have been reported in other bedding plants, including geranium (Mortensen and Moe, 1992), pinnate dahlia (Brøndum and Heins, 1993), impatiens (Mortensen and Moe, 1992), pansy (Niu et al, 2000), petunia (Kaczperski et al, 1991), red salvia (Mortensen and Moe, 1992), snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus L.; Neily et al, 1997), and zinnia (Neily et al, 1997). For example, stem elongation during the vegetative stage in snapdragon and zinnia increased by 38% and 13%, respectively as DIF (13-h day/11-h night) increased from -5 to +5°C (Neily et al, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…Similarly, flowering time was controlled by MDT and not DIF in pinnate dahlia (Dahlia pinnata Cav. ; Brøndum and Heins, 1993), pansy (Niu et al, 2000), and vinca (Catharanthus roseus L.; Pietsch et al, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…; Erwin et al, 1989), pansy (Viola ·wittrockiana Gams. ; Niu et al, 2000), and poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotz; Berghage and Heins, 1991).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Influence of Day and Night Temperature Fluctuations on Growth and Flowering of Annual Bedding Plants and Greenhouse Heating Cost Predictions

Blanchard¹,

Runkle²

2011

horts

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Volatile energy costs and lower profit margins have motivated many greenhouse growers in temperate climates to improve the energy efficiency of crop production. We performed experiments with dahlia (Dahlia ×hybrida Cav. ‘Figaro Mix’), French marigold (Tagetes patula L. ‘Janie Flame’), and zinnia (Zinnia elegans Jacq. ‘Magellan Pink’) to quantify the effects of constant and fluctuating temperatures on growth and flowering during the finish stage. Plants were grown in glass-glazed greenhouses with a day/night (16 h/8 h) temperature of 20/14, 18/18, 16/22 (means of 18 °C), 24/18, 22/22, or 20/26 °C (means of 22 °C) with a 16-h photoperiod and under a photosynthetic daily light integral of 11 to 19 mol·m−2·d−1. Flowering times of dahlia, French marigold, and zinnia (Year 2 only) were similar among treatments with the same mean daily air temperature (MDT). All species grown at 20/14 °C were 10% to 41% taller than those grown at 16/22 °C. Crop timing data and computer software that estimates energy consumption for heating (Virtual Grower) were then used to estimate energy consumption for greenhouse heating on a per-crop basis. Energy costs to produce these crops in Charlotte, NC, Grand Rapids, MI, and Minneapolis, MN, for a finish date of 15 Apr. or 15 May and grown at the same MDT were estimated to be 3% to 42% lower at a +6 °C day/night temperature difference (DIF) compared with a 0 °C DIF and 2% to 90% higher at a −6 °C DIF versus a 0 °C DIF. This information could be used by greenhouse growers to reduce energy inputs for heating on a per-crop basis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…; Erwin et al, 1989), pansy (Viola ·wittrockiana Gams. ; Niu et al, 2000), and poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotz; Berghage and Heins, 1991).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Influence of Day and Night Temperature Fluctuations on Growth and Flowering of Annual Bedding Plants and Greenhouse Heating Cost Predictions

Blanchard¹,

Runkle²

2011

horts

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“…For example, White and Warrington (1984) observed an increase in geranium plant dry mass from 2.9 to 3.4 g as the DLI increased from 6.5 to 19.4 mol·m -2 ·d -1 , while the leaf area per plant decreased from 1047 to 820 cm 2 as DLI increased from 8.7 to 20.5 mol·m -2 ·d -1 . Niu et al (2000) reported that the dry mass of pansy 'Delta Yellow Blotch' increased by 40% as the DLI increased from 4.1 to 10.6 mol·m -2 ·d -1 . Kaczperski et al (1991) reported that petunias grown at 6.5 mol·m -2 ·d -1 were up to 6 cm taller than plants grown under 13.0 mol·m -2 ·d -1 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Daily Light Integral on Bedding Plant Growth and Flowering

Faust¹,

Holcombe²,

Rajapakse³

et al. 2005

HortSci

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Daily light integral (DLI) describes the rate at which photosynthetically active radiation is delivered over a 24-hour period and is a useful measurement for describing the greenhouse light environment. A study was conducted to quantify the growth and flowering responses of bedding plants to DLI. Eight bedding plant species [ageratum (Ageratum houstonianum L.), begonia (Begonia ×semperflorens-cultorum L.), impatiens (Impatiens wallerana L.), marigold (Tagetes erecta L.), petunia (Petunia ×hybrida Juss.), salvia (Salvia coccinea L.), vinca (Catharanthus roseus L.), and zinnia (Zinnia elegans L.)] were grown outdoors in direct solar radiation or under one of three shade cloths (50, 70 or 90% photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) reduction) that provided DLI treatments ranging from 5 to 43 mol·m–2·d–1. The total plant dry mass increased for all species, except begonia and impatiens, as DLI increased from 5 to 43 mol·m–2·d–1. Total plant dry mass of begonia and impatiens increased as DLI increased from 5 to 19 mol·m–2·d–1. Impatiens, begonia, salvia, ageratum, petunia, vinca, zinnia, and marigold achieved 50% of their maximum flower dry mass at 7, 8, 12, 14, 19, 20, 22, and 23 mol·m–2·d–1, respectively. The highest flower number for petunia, salvia, vinca, and zinnia occurred at 43 mol·m–2·d–1. Time to flower decreased for all species, except begonia and impatiens, as DLI increased to 19 or 43 mol·m–2·d–1. There was no consistent plant height response to DLI across species, although the shoot and flower dry mass per unit height increased for all species as DLI increased from 5 to 43 mol·m–2·d–1. Guidelines for managing DLI for bedding plant production in greenhouses are discussed.