Day-of-Week Patterns of Particulate Matter and Its Chemical Components at Selected Sites in California

Motallebi, Nehzat; Tran, H. D.; Croes, Bart; Larsen, Lawrence C.

doi:10.1080/10473289.2003.10466229

Cited by 46 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…This is probably caused both by the emissions and the chemistry of SO 2 . Emissions of SO 2 from power plants decline by 5 to 15% on weekends compared to weekdays, a much smaller change than the approximately 75% reduction in diesel emissions on weekends in California (Chinkin et al, 2003;Motallebi et al, 2003). Electric power generation accounted for about 70% of US SO 2 emissions during the period 2000-2006 (National Emissions Inventory (NEI) Air Pollutant Emissions Trends Data, http://www.epa.gov/ ttn/chief/trends/index.html).…”

Section: Sulfate and Nitratementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Almeida et al (2006) found that chemical elements such as Ca, Si, and Fe associated with soil were significantly higher on weekdays at a site in a suburb of Lisbon. Motallebi et al (2003) found weekly cycles at selected urban sites in California. Lough et al (2006) and Harley et al (2005) found significant weekly trends in aerosol components in the Los Angeles area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Weekly patterns of aerosol in the United States

et al. 2008

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Abstract. Data from the Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) network of aerosol samplers and NOAA monitoring sites are examined for weekly cycles. At remote and rural sites, fine particle elemental carbon, crustal elements, and coarse particle mass had pronounced (up to 20%) weekly cycles with minima on Sunday or Monday. Fine particle organic carbon and mass had smaller amplitude cycles, also with Sunday or Monday minima. There was no statistically significant weekly cycle in fine particle sulfate despite a 5 to 15% weekly cycle in power plant SO 2 emissions. Although results for nitrate may be more susceptible to sampling artifacts, nitrate also showed a pronounced weekly cycle with an amplitude similar to elemental carbon. The only species found with a weekend maximum was Pb, probably from general aviation on weekends. Aerosol optical properties at NOAA monitoring sites were consistent with the IMPROVE chemical data, with significant weekly cycles in aerosol light absorption but not light scattering. These results support a large role of diesel emissions in elemental carbon aerosol over the entire United States and suggest that a large fraction of the airborne soil dust is anthropogenic. They also suggest that studies of weekly cycles in temperature, cloudiness, precipitation, or other meteorological variables should look for causes more in light-absorbing particles and possible ice nucleation by dust rather than sulfate or total aerosol. There are also implications for personal exposure and epidemiological studies of aerosol health effects.

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Section: Sulfate and Nitratementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weekly patterns of aerosol in the United States

et al. 2008

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“…These observations suggest the potential for near-field impacts from strong sources such as ship plumes. Day-of-the-week differences in PM mass concentrations have been routinely observed where motor vehicle traffic is the dominant source of PM (Motabelli et al 2003;Aalto et al 2005; among others). We observe similar differences in the number concentration at the selected study sites representative of the overall study ( Figure 6, Table 3, Figures S8-S9).…”

Section: Total Particle Number Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intra-Community Variability in Total Particle Number Concentrations in the San Pedro Harbor Area (Los Angeles, California)

Moore

Krudysz

Pakbin

et al. 2009

Aerosol Science and Technology

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Recent evidence links elevated ultrafine particle (UFP) concentrations with adverse health effects, but exposure assessments based upon PM 2.5 mass concentrations may be misleading. In order to better understand and quantify intra-community variability in UFP concentrations, a dense network of 14 monitoring sites Address correspondence to Constantinos Sioutas, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California, 3920 South Vermont Avenue, KAP 210 MC 2531, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA. E-mail: sioutas@usc.edu cle number concentrations. For sites within a few km of each other, simultaneous particle number concentrations can vary up to a factor of 10 (<10,000 cm −3 up to 90,000 cm −3 for hourly averages calculated by month). The median hourly correlation coefficient (r) across all sites was modest and varied from 0.3 to 0.56. Specific site locations, particularly proximity to roadways used for goods movement, strongly affect observations. Clear diurnal and seasonal patterns are evident in the data. A diurnal pattern associated with high HDDV volumes and goods movement was identified. Coefficients of Divergence calculated for the site pairs suggest moderate heterogeneity overall (median study COD ≈ 0.35). The intra-urban variability observed in this study is comparable to and exceeds the inter-urban variability observed in a previous study in Los Angeles. UFP concentrations can vary considerably on short spatial scales in source-rich environments strongly influencing the accuracy of exposure assessments.

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“…Uncertainties for the EC and OC data were not reported. Norris et al (2014) suggested that, for such cases, the initial uncertainties be set to a proportion of the concentration. The uncertainties for OC and EC were therefore calculated as 10 % of the corresponding concentrations for this study.…”

Section: Positive Matrix Factorization Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Sources of PM<sub>2.5</sub> carbonaceous aerosol in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Knowledge of the sources of carbonaceous aerosol affecting air quality in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, is limited but needed for the development of pollution control strategies. We conducted sampling of PM 2.5 from April to September 2012 at various sites in the city and used a thermo-optical semi-continuous method to quantify the organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) concentrations. The average OC and EC concentrations were 4.7 ± 4.4 and 2.1 ± 2.5 µg m −3 , respectively, during this period. Both OC and EC concentrations had strong diurnal variations, with peaks at 06:00-08:00 LT and 20:00-22:00 LT, attributed to the combined effect of increased vehicle emissions during rush hour and the shallow boundary layer in the early morning and at night. This finding suggested a significant influence of local vehicular emissions on OC and EC. The OC / EC ratio in primary emissions was estimated to be 1.01, close to documented values for diesel emissions. Estimated primary organic carbon (POC) and secondary organic carbon (SOC) concentrations were comparable, with average concentrations of 2.0 ± 2.4 and 2.8 ± 3.4 µg m −3 , respectively.We also collected 24 h samples of PM 10 onto quartz microfiber filters and analyzed these for an array of metals by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). Total OC was correlated with Ca (R 2 of 0.63), suggesting that OC precursors and Ca may have similar sources, and the possibility that they underwent similar atmospheric processing. In addition to a ubiquitous dust source, Ca is emitted during desalting processes in the numerous refineries in the region and from cement kilns, suggesting these sources may also contribute to observed OC concentrations in Riyadh. Concentration weighted trajectory (CWT) analysis showed that high OC and EC concentrations were associated with air masses arriving from the Persian Gulf and the region around Baghdad, locations with high densities of oil fields and refineries as well as a large Saudi Arabian cement plant. We further applied positive matrix factorization to the aligned dataset of EC, OC, and metal concentrations (Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, and V). Three factors were derived and were proposed to be associated with oil combustion, industrial emissions (Pb based), and a combined source from oil fields, cement production, and local vehicular emissions. The dominant OC and EC source was the combined source, contributing 3.9 µg m −3 (80 %) to observed OC and 1.9 µg m −3 (92 %) to observed EC.

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Day-of-Week Patterns of Particulate Matter and Its Chemical Components at Selected Sites in California

Cited by 46 publications

References 14 publications

Weekly patterns of aerosol in the United States

Weekly patterns of aerosol in the United States

Intra-Community Variability in Total Particle Number Concentrations in the San Pedro Harbor Area (Los Angeles, California)

Sources of PM<sub>2.5</sub> carbonaceous aerosol in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

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Day-of-Week Patterns of Particulate Matter and Its Chemical Components at Selected Sites in California

Cited by 46 publications

References 14 publications

Weekly patterns of aerosol in the United States

Weekly patterns of aerosol in the United States

Intra-Community Variability in Total Particle Number Concentrations in the San Pedro Harbor Area (Los Angeles, California)

Sources of PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; carbonaceous aerosol in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

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Product

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Sources of PM<sub>2.5</sub> carbonaceous aerosol in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia