Daylighting, window management systems, and lighting controls

Abstract

This report investigates major factors concerning windows in buildings and their effect on visual conditions, thermal conditions, and energy requirements. Empirically obtained data are presented for daylight illumination as a function of solar radiation, sky condition, window size and orientation, and interior reflectance. The thermal and visual effects of several window management strategies are examined, along with an analysis of automatic lighting controls. Daylight utilization is seen to offer great potential for minimizing lighting load in perimeter building areas, and careful determination of lighting needs and window management strategies can provide additional benefit.

Performance criteria for solar heating and cooling systems in commercial buildings.:

“…A building cooling load calculation procedure comparable in detail to the method outlined in Reference [20], Chapters 21,22,23, and 25 or Reference [25] shall be used.…”

“…Pumps shall be specified to provide proper and efficient performance. Selection and installation shall be in accordance with the requirements of the Hydraulic Institute, Reference [23] and local and nationally recognized codes and standards where applicable.…”

“…Experimental studies at the National Bureau of Standards, Reference [23], have indicated that the use of daylighting can reduce the combined space conditioning and light energy requirements when proper window management is used, A general discussion of daylighting system design is given in Reference [2A].…”

Solar radiation and illumination

“…Earlier measurements of diffuse Illuminance indicated a strong sensitivity to sky condition [9]. Diffuse illuminance levels were low for clear skies and completely overcast skies.…”

Energy-efficient lighting design: A case study in an exclusive spa project

“…Treado and Kusuda (1980) argue that if daylight entering through window can be used appropriately, controlled and dimmed, very large energy saving can be expected. Furthermore, it has been reported that, in daylight corridors, photoelectric lighting controls can give excellent energy savings ( Slater et al , 1996 ;Li and Lam, 2003 ).…”