DC Microgrid: A Comprehensive Review on Protection Challenges and Schemes

Kant, Kamal; Gupta, Om Hari

doi:10.1080/02564602.2022.2136271

Cited by 13 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…MVDCDNs have various benefits over conventional AC distribution networks [2]. However, the MVDCDN faces a number of issues in terms of protection and control [3]. More specifically, when a fault arises in an MVDCDN, the high fault current rush to the fault's location may cause considerable hazards to network components, which could lead to damage or the entire system loss if not addressed swiftly [4].…”

Section: The Incorporation Of Renewable Energy Sources Into DC Distri...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Fault Detection and Localization Strategy for High-Speed Protection in Medium-Voltage DC Distribution Networks Using Extended Kalman Filtering Algorithm

Larik,

Li,

2024

IEEE Access

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Conventional strategies are not effective in addressing the complex protection challenges in medium-voltage DC distribution networks (MVDCDN). The main challenge in MVDCDN is the high-rising DC fault current, requiring a robust and fast protection strategy. This paper proposes the use of an Extended Kalman filter (EKF) to detect various types of DC faults using only the current signal in the MVDCDN. In the first stage, current signals from the positive and negative poles corresponding bus are obtained. The EKF is then applied to the measured DC-current signals to generate two fault detection indices. The first index is the cumulative residuals (CR), calculated using the EKF iterative differencing process with updated current estimated state and noisy measurement. The second index is the modified DC version of total harmonic distortion, known as DC distortion factor (DCDF). The fault classification/zone identification (FCZI) unit is activated if changes in CR and DCDF are detected within the observation window of the relay. In the second stage, the FCZI unit calculates the Extended Kalman filter-based predicted energy (EKFBPE) for the faulty DC line section at both ends. The polarity of EKFBPE is used for fault classification and localization decisions. The proposed protection strategy requires low-band wireless communication capability in the smart grid. Extensive simulations using MATLAB ®Simulink 2022b are conducted on a ±2.5 kV MVDCDN with three feeders, considering various fault scenarios. The results demonstrate that the proposed scheme achieves 99.9% accuracy, under radial, looped, and meshed topology and is highly resilient to different types of faults with time of operation 1 msec. The scalability of proposed method and its effectiveness in handling higher voltage levels and associated fault uncertainty will investigate in future research.

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Section: The Incorporation Of Renewable Energy Sources Into DC Distri...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Fault Detection and Localization Strategy for High-Speed Protection in Medium-Voltage DC Distribution Networks Using Extended Kalman Filtering Algorithm

Larik,

Li,

2024

IEEE Access

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“…Some of the merits of conventional relaying schemes are easy implementation and low computational burden. However, the issues associated with these conventional protection schemes are slow response; high sensitivity for temporary faults; unable to protect against high resistance faults (HRF); And poor selectivity towards temporary faults (Kant and Gupta, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An advanced short-circuit protection scheme for a bipolar DC microgrid

Kant

Ansari²,

Gupta³

2023

Front. Energy Res.

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In order to provide quick and accurate fault detection in a DC microgrid, a new protection strategy is developed in this study. It is based on the multi-resolution analysis of travelling waves. The multi-resolution analysis of travelling waves is carried out using discrete wavelet transform (DWT). The dyadic filter bank theory is used to obtain the DWT coefficient of the voltage travelling wave. The energy of the DWT coefficient is then determined, and the fault will be identified if this energy content exceeds the predetermined threshold value. Initially, the efficacy of the proposed algorithm is verified on a 500 V ring-type bipolar DC microgrid test model, which is developed with MATLAB/Simulink environment. Then the results obtained were later validated with the real-time simulator Opal-RT. The various simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithm can successfully be implemented in both modes, i.e., grid-integrated and islanded. It can also provide protection against high resistance fault (HRF) up to 900 Ω in grid-integrated mode, and up to 1,300 Ω in islanded mode. The operating time of the proposed algorithm is also quite fast, i.e., 0.64 m.

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WSN Based Energy-Efficient Protocols for Smart Grid: A State-of-Art Review

Kanaujia,

Sharma

2024

Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering

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DC Microgrid: A Comprehensive Review on Protection Challenges and Schemes

Cited by 13 publications

References 81 publications

Enhanced Fault Detection and Localization Strategy for High-Speed Protection in Medium-Voltage DC Distribution Networks Using Extended Kalman Filtering Algorithm

Enhanced Fault Detection and Localization Strategy for High-Speed Protection in Medium-Voltage DC Distribution Networks Using Extended Kalman Filtering Algorithm

An advanced short-circuit protection scheme for a bipolar DC microgrid

WSN Based Energy-Efficient Protocols for Smart Grid: A State-of-Art Review

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