DC microgrid for future electric vehicle charging station designed by Energetic Macroscopic Representation and Maximum Control Structure

Locment, Fabrice; Sechilariu, Manuela

doi:10.1109/energycon.2014.6850614

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In addition, DC bus distribution is highly compatible with electricity storage which may increase the efficiency of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles and electric vehicles whose number is supposed to increase in a few years [25,26].…”

Section: Bus Distribution Versus Ac Bus Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photovoltaic Electricity for Sustainable Building. Efficiency and Energy Cost Reduction for Isolated DC Microgrid

2015

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Abstract:In the context of sustainable buildings, this paper investigates power flow management for an isolated DC microgrid and focuses on efficiency and energy cost reduction by optimal scheduling. Aiming at high efficiency, the local produced power has to be used where, when, and how it is generated. Thus, based on photovoltaic sources, storage, and a biofuel generator, the proposed DC microgrid is coupled with the DC distribution network of the building. The DC bus distribution maximizes the efficiency of the overall production-consumption system by avoiding some energy conversion losses and absence of reactive power. The isolated DC microgrid aims to minimize the total energy cost and thus, based on forecasting data, a cost function is formulated. Using a mixed integer linear programming optimization, the optimal power flow scheduling is obtained which leads to an optimization-based strategy for real-time power balancing. Three experimental tests, operated under different meteorological conditions, validate the feasibility of the proposed control and demonstrate the problem formulation of minimizing total energy cost.

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Section: Bus Distribution Versus Ac Bus Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photovoltaic Electricity for Sustainable Building. Efficiency and Energy Cost Reduction for Isolated DC Microgrid

2015

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“…These components are connected directly or indirectly to the DC link. The proposed local grid connected DC microgrid can be car parking integrated, with PV panels installed on sun-shading roofs as shown in Figure 1b [27,28]. Expecting that the locally generated power is used where, when, and how it is generated, the DC microgrid energy management system operates with self-supply.…”

Section: Microgrid Special Power Architecture For An Electric Vehimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To design control structures based on the EMR formalism, a corresponding Maximum Control Structure (MCS) can be deduced through specific inversion rules [28,29]. Indeed, the system's control computes the system's inputs for which the desired output is obtained.…”

Section: Microgrid Control Modeling Using the Maximum Control Strumentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling and Simulation of DC Microgrids for Electric Vehicle Charging Stations

Locment

Sechilariu

2015

Energies

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This paper focuses on the evaluation of theoretical and numerical aspects related to an original DC microgrid power architecture for efficient charging of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs). The proposed DC microgrid is based on photovoltaic array (PVA) generation, electrochemical storage, and grid connection; it is assumed that PEVs have a direct access to their DC charger input. As opposed to conventional power architecture designs, the PVA is coupled directly on the DC link without a static converter, which implies no DC voltage stabilization, increasing energy efficiency, and reducing control complexity. Based on a real-time rule-based algorithm, the proposed power management allows self-consumption according to PVA power production and storage constraints, and the public grid is seen only as back-up. The first phase of modeling aims to evaluate the main energy flows within the proposed DC microgrid architecture and to identify the control structure and the power management strategies. For this, an original model is obtained by applying the Energetic Macroscopic Representation formalism, which allows deducing the control design using Maximum Control Structure. The second phase of simulation is based on the numerical characterization of the DC microgrid components and the energy management strategies, which consider the power source requirements, charging times of different PEVs, electrochemical storage ageing, and grid power limitations for injection mode. The simulation results show the validity of the model and the feasibility of the proposed DC microgrid power architecture which presents good performance in terms of total efficiency and simplified control. OPEN ACCESSEnergies 2015, 8 4336

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“…Regarding the public grid, taking into account a power limit reduces the negative impact on the stability of the system. EV charging stations empowered by PV-based microgrid have been supported by government departments and achieved social acceptance [21].Considering the EV charging station modelling proposed in Locment, F et al [22,23], this paper presents an EV charging station model empowered by a direct current (DC) microgrid. The DC microgrid aggregates EVs, a storage system, a public grid connection, and a PV source, aiming at power balancing of the system [24], and bringing various interests Yong, J.Y.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considering the EV charging station modelling proposed in Locment, F et al [22,23], this paper presents an EV charging station model empowered by a direct current (DC) microgrid. The DC microgrid aggregates EVs, a storage system, a public grid connection, and a PV source, aiming at power balancing of the system [24], and bringing various interests Yong, J.Y.…”

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confidence: 99%

Modelling, Simulation, and Management Strategy of an Electric Vehicle Charging Station Based on a DC Microgrid

2020

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The rapid development of electric vehicles (EVs) increases the power demand, which causes an extra burden on the public grid, increasing the load fluctuations and, therefore, hindering the high penetration of EVs. In this paper, a real-time rule-based algorithm for electric vehicle (EV) charging stations empowered by a direct current (DC) microgrid is proposed. Such a DC microgrid model consists of EVs, an electrochemical storage system, a public grid connection, and photovoltaic sources. The EV charging station model is based on data-driven modelling while its management model takes into account discrete events. This paper focuses on power management strategy of an EV charging station under power limitation and considers most of the drivers' choices. The EV charging system topology is presented and common problems during an EV charging process are discussed, e.g., disconnection operation, standby mode, shedding, and restoration operation. Furthermore, the proposed power management deals with the uncertainties of EV drivers' behavior considering arbitrary and random choices through the human-computer interface. The simulation results obtained under MATLAB/Simulink verify the feasibility of the proposed management strategy that presents a good performance in terms of precise control.Appl. Sci. 2020, 10, 2053 2 of 21 load profile. In Li, Q et al. [13], a max-weight EV dispatch algorithm is proposed to control the EV charging rates, which can optimally utilize the distribution system capacity, respecting to power system's physical limits. The author of [5] discussed three main charging patterns of EV drivers from observations on measured data and proposed a novel schedule strategy based on "valley filling" concept to manage EV charging behaviors in order to relieve its impact on the public grid. However, the proposed methods do not make EVs to downscale the total charging power absorbed from the public grid.Xu, Z et al. [14] proposed a three-level (provincial level, municipal level, and charging station level) EV charging strategy that jointly optimizes system load profile and charging costs while satisfying customer charging requirements, which reduces system peak demand charging costs. A robust energy management strategy for EV charging stations is proposed in [15]. It is based on randomized algorithms and determines a day-ahead upper bound profile on the power consumption of EV charging stations and strictly respected in real-time, guarantying the grid stability in a more efficient and less costly manner. However, no additional storage unit could be used to compensate for EV uncertainties.Although various charging strategies have been employed to design different EV charging protocols in existing work, the current research outcomes are still limited to the interactions and power transfer between EVs and the public grid. The distributed energy generation system has attracted wide attention because of its on-site power consumption, which improves the peak performance of the public grid without increasing the grid c...

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DC microgrid for future electric vehicle charging station designed by Energetic Macroscopic Representation and Maximum Control Structure

Cited by 10 publications

References 16 publications

Photovoltaic Electricity for Sustainable Building. Efficiency and Energy Cost Reduction for Isolated DC Microgrid

Photovoltaic Electricity for Sustainable Building. Efficiency and Energy Cost Reduction for Isolated DC Microgrid

Modeling and Simulation of DC Microgrids for Electric Vehicle Charging Stations

Modelling, Simulation, and Management Strategy of an Electric Vehicle Charging Station Based on a DC Microgrid

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