DC4LED: A Hierarchical VDTN Routing for Data Collection in Smart Cities

Abstract

In smart cities, the mobility of vehicles can be used to collect data produced by connected objects and to deliver them to several applications which are delay tolerant. The Vehicular Delay Tolerant Networks (VDTN) can be utilized for such services. This paper introduces DC4LED (Data Collection for Low Energy Devices): a hierarchical VDTN routing which takes advantage of the specific mobility patterns of the various type of vehicles. It provides a low-cost delivery service for applications that need to gather data produced from the field. The idea is to propose a simple routing scheme where cars, taxis, and buses route data hierarchically in a storecarry-forward mechanism to any of the several available Internet Point-of-Presences in the city. This paper aims to explore the possibility of implementing a very simple mechanism for very simple services, as opposed to utilizing complex VDTN mechanisms proposed in the literature. Our simulations compare the performance of DC4LED routing with two legacy VDTN routing schemes which represent the extreme ends of VDTN routing spectrum: First-contact and Epidemic routing. It show that DC4LED has much lower network overhead in comparison with the two legacy routing schemes, which is advantageous for its implementation scalability. The DC4LED also maintains comparable data delivery probability and latency to Epidemic routing.

Towards a simple and efficient vehicular delay tolerant networks routing protocol for data collection in smart cities

“…Therefore, the advantage of having ITS infrastructures to assist in the system is also overlooked. Our performance evaluation indicates the need to develop a routing protocol that recognizes and utilizes the advantage of different kinds of mobility in the field for data collection, such as the work on a hierarchical VDTN routing protocol named data collection for low energy devices (DC4LED) presented in [25], [26]. We believe that for the specific purpose of data collection that we already discussed, a simple and efficient routing protocol can be deployed for the delay-tolerant data delivery, contrary to the implementation of optimized solutions that might be resource-demanding and difficult to standardize.…”

All about Delay-Tolerant Networking (DTN) Contributions to Future Internet

“…Furthermore, DTN assists in data collection from Vehicular Delay-Tolerant Networks (VDTNs), particularly in applications for smart cities. An example is the Data Collection for Low Energy Devices (DC4LED), which is a hierarchical VDTN routing tested in the city of Helsinki [124].…”