DDDAS for Autonomic Interconnected Systems: The National Energy Infrastructure

Abstract

Abstract.The most critical element of the nation's energy infrastructure is our electricity generation, transmission, and distribution system known as the "power grid." Computer simulation is an effective tool that can be used to identify vulnerabilities and predict the system response for various contingencies. However, because the power grid is a very large-scale nonlinear system, such studies are presently conducted "open loop" using predicted loading conditions months in advance and, due to uncertainties in model parameters, the results do not provide grid operators with accurate "real time" information that can be used to avoid major blackouts such as were experienced on the East Coast in August of 2003. However, the paradigm of Dynamic Data-Driven Applications Systems (DDDAS) provides a fundamentally new framework to rethink the problem of power grid simulation. In DDDAS, simulations and field data become a symbiotic feedback control system and this is refreshingly different from conventional power grid simulation approaches in which data inputs are generally fixed when the simulation is launched. The objective of the research described herein was to utilize the paradigm of DDDAS to develop a marriage between sensing, visualization, and modelling for large-scale simulation with an immediate impact on the power grid. Our research has focused on methodological innovations and advances in sensor systems, mathematical algorithms, and power grid simulation, security, and visualization approaches necessary to achieve a meaningful large-scale real-time simulation that can have a significant impact on reducing the likelihood of major blackouts.

Dynamic Data Driven Applications Systems

“…Papers [24][25][26][27][28] discuss work that is aimed to create DDDAS-based enhanced critical infrastructure systems, where simulation models use dynamic data inputs and control the data acquisition process in real-time evolving conditions to provide optimized planning, operation and response and mitigation of the impact of adverse unexpected conditions. Advances made include work reported in [24] on ad-hoc simulation modeling and monitoring data for adaptive management of transportation systems to optimize conditions in urban traffic and to provide decision support for responding to adverse and disruptive events such as needs emergency evacuation of a city area.…”

“…Work reported in [25] on adaptive monitoring and detection of water contamination in a city system, and determining the source of the contaminant; this work can lead to more safe urban water systems and provide response capabilities in cases of adverse events affecting a city's water system. Papers [26][27][28] discuss the development of DDDAS environments for optimized management of electrical power-grid systems, to predict, respond, and mitigate, failures such as power demand surge, or disruptive events such as failure of transformers and thus avoid extensive blackouts. The methods include streaming monitoring data in to continually running simulation models, and through simulation control determine adaptively the kinds of further monitoring needed, as well as develop robust methods in the presence of measurement uncertainties.…”