De daling in jeugddelinquentie: minder risico, meer bescherming?

Abstract

mende factoren bij 12-tot 18-jarigen een mogelijke verklaring te bieden voor de daling in prevalentie van delinquentie. Jongeren uit het 2015-cohort geven aan minder blootgesteld te worden aan risicofactoren voor jeugddelinquentie, zoals alcoholgebruik en delinquente vrienden, terwijl ze ook meer beschermende opvoedingsfactoren rapporteren, zoals ervaren emotionele steun, betrokkenheid en monitoring door ouders, dan jongeren uit eerdere cohorten. Onder ernstig delinquente jongeren is de blootstelling aan individueel risicogedrag en delinquente vrienden stabiel over de tijd. Dit gaat bij deze groep gepaard met stabiliteit in de frequentie en zwaarte van gerapporteerde delicten over de drie cohorten. De gevoeligheid voor risico-en beschermende factoren blijkt consistent over de cohorten, ongeacht de ernst van delinquentie. Dit lijkt te wijzen op een veranderende sociaal-culturele houding ten aanzien van risicogedrag, waaronder delinquentie, wat een aanvullende verklaring kan bieden voor de daling in de jeugdcriminaliteit. Implicaties voor theorie en beleid worden besproken.

Social Defeat, Psychotic Symptoms, and Crime in Young Caribbean Immigrants to Rotterdam

“…Delinquent behavior was assessed using a 25-item self-report questionnaire, validated in the Netherlands ( 52 ). The questionnaire is sensitive for delinquent behavior in juvenile Caribbeans ( 53 ).…”

Similarities and Differences Between Youth Who Engaged in Intrafamilial and Extrafamilial Sexually Abusive Behavior: An Exploratory Study

“…The questionnaire consists of 35 items with descriptions of (nonsexual) delinquent acts which had to be answered with yes or no if they were committed during the past 12 months. The nonsexual delinquency items covered the following areas: internet, public order, violation, theft, violence, white-collar crime, drugs, and possession of weapons (Van der Laan & Blom, 2005). An example of a theft item is, “Have you ever stolen a bike or scooter?” All the “yes” answers on the items were summed and higher scores indicated higher levels of nonsexual delinquency.…”

Young Adults in the Justice System: The Interplay between Scientific Insights, Legal Reform and Implementation in Practice in The Netherlands

“…The legislator sought to increase the flexibility around the age limit of 18 years, which separates the juvenile justice system from the adult (or general) criminal justice system and to make available the sentences from both the juvenile and the adult criminal law system to all individuals ranging from 16 to 23 years of age at the time of the offence (Dutch House of Representatives, 2012: 2; Kempen, 2014). The central notion behind this is that the offender-oriented and pedagogical juvenile justice system is more effective, in terms of reintegration into society and prevention of re-offending, for (some of the) young adults (Dutch House of Representatives, 2012: 1; Van der Laan et al, 2016: 38).…”

“…in the penitentiary system and the probation service) to work more specifically and effectively with young adults. One of these initiatives was the establishment of specific prison departments for vulnerable young adults between 2002 and 2008, aimed at limiting the potential damage of detention and preventing criminal contamination (Liefaard, 2012: 188; Van der Laan et al, 2016: 26). However, these goals were not attained in practice and the departments were eventually abolished.…”

“…To assess the practical implications of the amended legislation, it is important to have a look at the number of young adults that has been affected by this law. This is monitored extensively by the Scientific Research and Documentation Centre [ Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek- en Documentatiecentrum, WODC ] of the Ministry of Justice as well, which has been commissioned by the government to evaluate this law from 2014 until the end of 2019 (see Barendregt et al, 2016, 2018; Prop et al, 2018; Van der Laan et al, 2016, 2021).…”