De-Gassed Water Is a Better Cleaning Agent

Pashley, Richard M.; Rzechowicz, Miles; Pashley, L; Francis, Mathew

doi:10.1021/jp045975a

Cited by 140 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Kumari and Nath (2009) , (Pashley et al, 2005;Aylward and Findlay, 1994), whereas water magnetic permeability is 1.257*10 −6 Vs/Am (Magnabosco et al, 2006) …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comment on Steady mixed convection stagnation-point flow of upper convected Maxwell fluids with magnetic field [International Journal of non-linear mechanics, 44(2009):1048-1055]

Sharma¹

2013

Int. J. Phys. Sci.

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“…Kumari and Nath (2009) , (Pashley et al, 2005;Aylward and Findlay, 1994), whereas water magnetic permeability is 1.257*10 −6 Vs/Am (Magnabosco et al, 2006) …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comment on Steady mixed convection stagnation-point flow of upper convected Maxwell fluids with magnetic field [International Journal of non-linear mechanics, 44(2009):1048-1055]

Sharma¹

2013

Int. J. Phys. Sci.

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“…Recent studies show the potential of de-gassed water to disperse hydrophobic dirt (Eastoe and Ellis, 2007;Pashley et al, 2004). Those studies conclude that, through mechanical agitation of a hydrophobic surface with almost completely de-gassified water, the hydrophobic materials are dispersed in the water in a meta-stable emulsion for a sufficiently long period of time (Pashley et al, 2004).…”

Section: Qlean Water Compared With Other Water Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Those studies conclude that, through mechanical agitation of a hydrophobic surface with almost completely de-gassified water, the hydrophobic materials are dispersed in the water in a meta-stable emulsion for a sufficiently long period of time (Pashley et al, 2004). According to Pashley et al (2004), this appears to be possible, since the natural cavitations, which would normally hinder a hydrophobic material from dispersing in water, are reduced. Furthermore, Pashley et al (ibid.…”

Section: Qlean Water Compared With Other Water Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Industrial cleaning with Qlean Water – a case study of printed circuit boards

Lindahl

Svensson

et al. 2013

Journal of Cleaner Production

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Abstract:Many manufacturing companies are looking for ways to substitute environmentally problematic cleaning methods for surface treatments with more environmentally friendly ones. In this paper, one potential solution is described. The Qlean method, based on cleaning with highly pure water (in this paper defined as Qlean Water), is a novel cleaning method. This method, now utilized at one plant at a leading major international electronic company, has substituted previous chemical-based methods for cleaning printed circuit boards prior to lacquering. This paper presents, based on that company's primary data, a comparative study using environmental analysis and economic life cycle cost review between cleaning with Qlean Water and conventional cleaning. The focus is on the environmental and economic performance of the two alternatives. The conclusion is that Qlean Water offers both a significant economic and environmental cost reduction and a better product. This is the case even though all identified economic benefits derived from using Qlean Water, e.g. that the quality and technical lifetime have been extended for the printed circuit boards with the Qlean Water cleaning method, are not considered in the economic analysis.

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“…Water electrical conductivity at 20 °C is 10 (Pashley et al, 2005), (Aylward and Findlay, 1994), whereas water magnetic permeability is 1.257*10 −6 Vs /Am, (Magnabosco et al, 2006). For a typical velocity u =1 m/ s and a typical length scale l =0.1 m, the magnetic Reynolds number (dimensionless) is: R m ≅ 1.257* 10 −11 .…”

Section: T2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comment on "Induced magnetic field with radiating fluid over a porous vertical plate: Analytical study" by Sahin Ahmed [Journal of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering 7(2010), 83-94]

Sharma

2012

J. nav. arch. mar. engg.

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In the paper with above title (Ahmed, 2010), the steady MHD heat and mass transfer by mixed convection flow of a viscous, incompressible, electrically-conducting, Newtonian fluid over a vertical porous plate taking into account the induced magnetic field has been studied. Results have been presented for air and water at 20°C with Prandtl numbers of 0.71 and 7, respectively, and the whole work is devoted to air and water. The above work is interesting but has serious disadvantage which is analyzed as follows:(1) In Page 64, it is mentioned that "The Eckert number, Ec, is small" and in Page 67, "by adding a small term (Eckert number in this work) to" is mentioned. However, this parameter has not been defined anywhere in the paper. Usually this parameter occurs when the viscous dissipation term is included in the energy equation. However, in the present problem, no viscous dissipation term exists. This is a serious error.(2) The important new thing in this work is the assumption that, except for the applied external uniform magnetic field, the electrically conducting fluid induces a new magnetic field which interacts with the applied external magnetic field. However, the importance of the induced magnetic field depends on the magnetic Reynolds number which is defined as follows (Davidson, 2006) ulwhere, µ is the magnetic permeability, σ is the fluid electrical conductivity, u is the characteristic velocity of the flow, and l is the characteristic length scale. When the magnetic Reynolds number is much smaller than unity (R m << 1) the induced magnetic field is negligible and the imposed external magnetic field is unaffected by the moving conducting fluid (Davidson, 2006). In most laboratory experiments or industrial processes R m is very low, usually less than 10 -2 (Knaepen et al., 2003). In contrast, when the magnetic Reynolds number is equal to or greater than unity (R m >> 1) the induced magnetic field is important and should be taken into account. Indeed certain applications, such as advanced schemes for the control of magnetogasdynamic flows around hypersonic vehicles, involve values of R m of the order 1 to 10 (Knaepen et al., 2003).In the above work, the author took into account the induced magnetic field without any reference to the magnetic Reynolds number which is the suitable criterion.Let us calculate here R m for air at 20 °C. Air electrical conductivity at 20 °C is 3*10 −15 to 8*10 Pawar et al., 2009), whereas air magnetic permeability is 1.257*10 −6 Vs /Am, (Magnabosco et al., 2006). For a typical velocity u =1.0 m/ s and a typical length scale l =0.1 m, the magnetic Reynolds number (dimensionless) is: R m ≅ 3.8* 10 −22 .

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De-Gassed Water Is a Better Cleaning Agent

Cited by 140 publications

References 18 publications

Comment on Steady mixed convection stagnation-point flow of upper convected Maxwell fluids with magnetic field [International Journal of non-linear mechanics, 44(2009):1048-1055]

Comment on Steady mixed convection stagnation-point flow of upper convected Maxwell fluids with magnetic field [International Journal of non-linear mechanics, 44(2009):1048-1055]

Industrial cleaning with Qlean Water – a case study of printed circuit boards

Comment on "Induced magnetic field with radiating fluid over a porous vertical plate: Analytical study" by Sahin Ahmed [Journal of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering 7(2010), 83-94]

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