“…The choice of selecting public speeches over written works is solely based on the nature of the material: written speech is fertile in rhetoric figures and use of language, and it provides an insight into how political parties and speakers frame political life and society (Wodak, 2015). These materials are widely used in academic research for this purpose, including similar theoretical background for countries such as Germany, Netherlands, and Belgium (Pauwels, 2011), and France for different purposes, such as the work of Sini (2016) and Birnbaum (2017) Eleven candidates obtained the necessary 500 or more signatures from elected officials to announce their candidacy. For reasons of relevance, the candidates analyzed are limited to five among those eleven: Marine Le Pen, Emmanuel Macron, François Fillon, Benoît Hamon, and Jean-Luc Mélenchon.…”